Literature Review On Postnatal Depression

A lot of people commonly consider it the end to a pregnancy, but for some women it is just the beginning of something extremely dreadful. According to the Encyclopedia of Human Development, “postpartum depression is depression in mothers that occurs following the birth of their child” (1010). It is most common for mothers to develop it immediately following the birth, but it can be developed a few months after the birth of the child (Salkind, 1010). Either way, it can hit extremely hard and the excitement of having a child is ripped from the mind of the mother, only to be replaced by dark thoughts, depression, anxiety, etc. The length of postpartum depression varies though, based on which type you have and the severity of it.

(1978) as most studies have focused on the mother-infant dyad. While the psychopathology of the primary caregiver may be a distal factor to attachment security and type, it has a direct impact on the level of maternal sensitivity and is significant as mothers’ may experience such conditions as post-partum depression. According to CDC statistics, postpartum depression has a prevalence of 11.5% in the Unites States ( and it is estimated that 17% of mothers with young children experience an increase in symptoms associated with depression (Horwitz, Briggs-Gowan, Storfer-Isser, & Carter, 2007). As psychopathology may impact the degree of maternal sensitivity, it can be used to observe the effect of sensitivity as a proximal factor of attachment strength.

Using the literature, describe the impact of poor health literacy, the costs to population and methods for increasing literacy. Mental Health Literacy in India "No health without mental health" is a quote that almost every public health student has been exposed to. Many interventions, policies, and measures have been implemented to decrease the prevalence rate of mental health disorders. Despite these efforts, mental health disorders are still extremely prevalent and are a pervasive health issue in countries like India. India has been dubbed "the world's most depressed nation" and according to the National Mental Health Survey of India, 13.7% of adult Indians are in need of active medical intervention (Shankar and Shankar, 207) (Murthy, 4).

A few women find mental medicines supportive particularly in the event that they have encountered traumatic occasions in their adolescence or all the more as of late. The thesis states about causes and effects of “Post-natal depression in mothers after childbirth along with aspects to help women mentally to overcome depressing situations”. Although it has been observed that there is no known cause of postnatal depression, however particular risk of developing is specified in this paper and the causes such as preceding mental health complications, major life events and effects such as sleeping problems, exhaustion and anxiety are demonstrated. According to Clatworthy (2012), around fifteen percent of new mothers’ progress considerable deeper and lasting depression recognised as postnatal depression which generally grows within 5 to 6 weeks of giving delivery to a child and can have an effect slowly or all of a sudden, ranging from being comparatively mild to extremely

Indeed human rights have failed to achieve its goals in many countries around the globe due to economical and political diversities. According to Himalayan Foundation, 20,000 Nepali girls are enslaved. The recent Rohingya refugee crisis and genocide by Burma has questioned human rights defenders. WHO reports say that around 125 million girls and women were victimized of Female Genital Mutilation in 29 countries in Africa, Middle East and Asia. Surprisingly more than 2000 victims of FGM have received treatment at London Hospitals in last three years, reported by Martin Bentham in ‘London Evening Standard’, 2013.

The next step was that Dembele began to discuss with indigenous women in their own way. The book also discuss the emotional shock as well. The bitter irony is that one out of every twelve Malian women who died due to childbirth (Holloway, 2006). The book "Monique and mango rains: two years with the midwife in Mali" gives the the opportunity to inform them about nutrition, health and safety.

Reason for Referral: Paula was referred by her primary care provider for an assessment of personality traits and psychopathology because of complaints about difficulty with attention and focusing after a neuropsychological assessment with negative for impairment of brain functions. Background Information Paula is a 41 year-old, married, Caucasian female and a mother to two children ages 4 and 16. She has a BS in nursing and has worked as a nurse for 18 years; however she was recently laid off. She disclosed that she wasn’t fond of her job, she was not upset about being laid off and is currently seeking employment.

Neither John nor Jennie pay attention to the speaker and her journaling. In the 1890s and before, postpartum depression had never been taken seriously because women were viewed as too emotional and delicate. Joan Busfield supports this theory with her charts of how many people were admitted into mental hospitals, who were mostly around childbearing age. Sara Harkness writes about women’s emotions and how they are affected before and after childbirth. Verta Taylor discusses the sociological aspect of mental illness, which can connect to postpartum depression.

The woman may not have a chance to get better if she is reminded daily of that traumatic experience in life. Then you have an unstable mother with a baby. Out of the 1.3 million woman who got an abortion last year 19,000 of them were because of rape or

(2011). There is the examination made of two categories of women: Macro level (homogeneous group) and Micro level (heterogeneous group). The purpose of this study was to have better understanding of the gender pay gap that has existed all over the world for many years and has not been solved.

‘June’, an 18-year-old girl, was referred to the centre by children services on turning 18. June presented in a state of acute anxiety, depression, stating that she was concerned she might accidentally kill herself when she hurt herself. June had been hospitalized before on numerous occasions after cutting herself with a razor. During her hospitalization, she experienced unexpected cardiac problems, which was as a result of an eating disorder. She has been diagnosed with Emotionally Unstable Personality Disorder (EUPD).

:57 AM I TC Ms. Bettie Brown about her progress since leaving Delmar Garden of Chesterfield Mo. Ms.Bettie explained she was discharged because of her weight and her not being able to walk. Bettie stated her neice and sister was taking care of her before she left for Delmar Garden. Bettie explained her brother in law has cancer her neice has a new job. I asked Bettie can she afford to have an home care agency that will provide assistance since she need it right away. Bettie stated she could not pay out of pocket right now because of other obligations.

1 in 5 women have been raped in their lifetime in the United States. 19.3 million women in the United States have been stalked in their lifetime.7 “If we are to fight discrimination and injustice against women we must start from the home for if a woman cannot be safe in her own house then she cannot be expected to feel safe anywhere.” Aysha

Schiavocampo talks to several inmates on their views about the subject. The author discusses how prison nurseries were very common in like 1950’s but they vanished twenty years later. Prison nurseries are slowly becoming evolved back into the penal system but are extremely hard to get accepted into. It is shown that about two thirds of women prisoners are mothers. The inmates she talks to says, “Babies belong with their mothers, whether it’s in prison or not.”

According to David Chaffin an OB-GYN, in 2009 at Cabell Huntington Hospital 80 out of 1,000 pregnant women were addicted to drugs. In 2014, 139 out of 1,000 pregnant women were addicted to drugs. According to Chaffin approximately, 25 percent of infants born to substance addicted mothers go home after birth. However, majority of babies spend weeks in the hospital being weaned from drugs. Children born to mothers taking subutex spend one week less in hospital care.