Impurities In Water Treatment

CHAPTER ONE GENERAL INTRODUCTION

1.1 Preface Water needs for organisms from microorganisms to humans today is a dangerous challenges because of all the water resources is potential pollution and that the result of drawing the border charts for cities, as well as because of the industry. The main sources of potable water are surface sources and underground sources. The surface sources contain lakes, rivers and streams, the underground sources contain wells and springs. The chemical composition of potable water is available and its contents of impurities depends upon its source and from which it is drown(Cotruvo, 1985). drinking water must be free from pathogenic organisms in order to be safe for human consumption. Its concentration of acutely toxic compounds and the compounds that have serious long

These conventional water treatments were developed to advance treatments and a variety of new treatment technologies were introduced at various times in response to more complex treatment goals such as removing of organic and non-organic impurities these technologies includes Ion exchange, reverse osmosis, Membrane technologies, activated carbon etc. (Crittenden et al., 2012).

In Iraq all water treatment plant is conventional and working on removing of suspended and pathogenic impurities only with ought any removing to dissolved impurities. In These conventional plants sedimentation and filtration with coagulant aid are used to remove suspended and colloidal particles and chlorine are used for pathogenic removing.

After water Submission to treatment several tests were conducted to measure its parameters and compere these parameters with a standards in order to evaluate its quality and to which extent it matching with required standards. This water tests are including physical, chemical, and biological