Potato Dextrose Agar Lab Report

Autoclave the noble agar mixtures to sterilize. These mixtures can be made in advance and stored at 4 °C but should be heated again at the time of the experiment until agar has completely dissolved. 9. Prepare nitroblue tetrazolium chloride solution by making a 1 mg/ml stock solution in 1x PBS (8 g NaCl, 0.2 g KCl, 1.44 g Na2HPO4, and 0.24 g KH2PO4 in H2O to final volume of 1,000 ml). This will be used at the end of the experiment to stain the colonies.

5-aminotetrazole monohydrate: In a 250 ml round-bottom flask equipped with a condenser for refluxing (90 °C) and a magnetic stirring bar, 5.00 g (5.95 mmol) dicyandiamide (three times crystallized), 7.47 g (11.9 mmol) sodium azide and 11.00 g (17.8 mmol) boric acid and 100 ml of water is added and allowed to reflux for 24 hours, after the completion of the reaction, until the solution pH to about 2 to 3 as hydrochloric acid 37% is added (about 12 ml) Then the reaction mixture was cooled in a refrigerator for 18 hours and the white crystals formed. The mixture was filtered and washed three times with 10 ml of water and and dried in 60 °C for 5 hours and finally 45.8 g of product by it will be obtained. 5-Aminotetrazol monohydrate: Yield:,

Crystal violet was then added for 60 seconds before being washed off with water. The mordant, Gram’s Iodine, was added for another 60 seconds before getting washed off with water. The heat fixed smear was then washed with 95% alcohol until the wash ran clear, leading to the final step of adding Safranin for 45 seconds before being rinsed with water. The slide was finally blot dyed with bibulous paper before it was placed under a microscope to observe the color and shape of the bacterium. 2.2 Litmus Milk Reaction A milk-based, litmus broth tube is incubated and observed after 48 hours.

We then added 10cm3 ethanoic anhydride to the salicylic acid and swirled the contents, this mixes together the two chemicals. We then added 5 drops of concentrated sulphuric acid to the flask and thoroughly swirled the mixture, this creates the solution that makes the aspirin. We then warmed the flask for 20 minutes in a 400cm3 beaker of hot water which was approximately 60°C, we made sure the flask did not go above 65°C because this could have caused the contents to evaporate. Part 2: Using a 25cm3 measuring cylinder we measured out 15cm3 of ethanol into a boiling tube and then prepared a beaker half filled with hot water at approx. 75°C, we got this temperature by filling the beaker with cold water and slowly adding boiling water from a kettle until we reached the right temperature.

Repeat the experiment. The cola drinks were titrated using the following method: Prepare the beverage in a 250ml volumetric flask. Use a funnel to facilitate the process. Place the beaker on a hot plate so that it boils and place a watch glass on top to prevent the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere getting dissolved in the cola. Once the cola starts to boil, continue to boil it for another 10 minutes so that the carbon dioxide is removed.

Isolation of Ibuprofen: Fifteen 200 mg ibuprofen tablets were used, which was 3.37g (16.34 mmol, 112.3%) ibuprofen. This amount of ibuprofen was submerged in 25 mL of acetone and stirred vigorously for 5 minutes to dissolve. Red coatings of the tablet were separated and vacuum filtration was utilized to dissolve all insoluble components. The melting point range of the crude ibuprofen was 72.4-73.9°C. The major bands from the IR are, FTIR: sp3 O-H stretch, about 3200-2500 cm-1 (b, m); sp3 C-H stretch, 2991-2868 cm-1 (sh, m); sp2 =C-H stretch, 3100-3000 cm-1 (sh, w); sp2 C=O stretch, 1701 cm-1 (sh, s); and sp2-sp2, aromatic, C=C stretch (in ring), 1507 cm-1 (s, m).

* In the above RB, a calculated amount of 1.2 equivalent amount of PTSH was added during continous stirring. * To the RB a condenser was attached and it was put on refluxing for a time period of 18 hours at a temperature of 80 degrees in an oil bath. * Post refluxing, the condenser was removed and it was left undisturbed for 1 day and then cooled to a temperature of -20 degrees by keeping in the freezer for setting of hydrazone crystals. * Once the crystals were formed, the supernatant was decanted and the crystals were transferred to a beaker where they were washed with cold methanol and then dried. * These dried hydrazone crystals were used in the subsequent steps.

Experiment #7: Column Chromatography of Food Dye Arianne Jan D. Tuozo Mr. Carlos Edward B. Santos October 12, 2015 Abstract Column chromatography is the separation of mixture’s components through a column. Before proceeding with the column chromatography itself, a proper solvent system must be chosen among the different solvents. The green colored food dye is the mixture whose components are separated. The ammonia: 1-butanol (1:1) solvent was the appropriate solvent to use for the column chromatography of food dye because it exhibited the properties of a good solvent system. A total 8 colored eluents were collected.

For example the 5/20 rule, if a food has 5% or less of the daily value, then it is not a good source of food, but if it has 20% or more of the daily value, it is a good source of food. This rule helps us keep in mind what foods we need to avoid that do not contain the nutrients we need and what foods we should continue eating that do contain the amounts of nutrients our bodies need. From now on, I will definitely be using the nutrition facts label to make healthy choices by reading and understanding how many calories I will be consuming, what the serving size based off the label is, limiting my portions, and what foods are not going to be benefitting my health. If I want to choose a healthy lunch I will stick to eating less calories, more protein, good amount of the right carbohydrates,

The washings are filtered off into a 100 mL measuring flask; after cooling distilled water is added until the mark is reached (stock solution). In proportion to the expected chloride content aliquot part of this solution, which should preferably contain 50 mg – 100 mg NaCl, taken off, distilled water being added to obtain a quantity of approximately 100 mL. Subsequently 5 mL ferric alum solution, 20 mL 0.1 N AgNO3 solution and 5 mL – 10 mL ether or 1 mL nitrobenzene are added; titration is carried out by means of an ammonium thiocyanate solution 0.1 N, until the red colouring remains after

The silver ion TLC was prepared through the following procedure: Silver nitrate was dissolved in 10 ml of distilled water. This aqueous solution of silver nitrate was absolutely mixed with 9 g of silica gel (10 ~ 40 μm particles). Then, a 10 × 5 cm TLC plate was coated with the above slurry and activated for 1 h at 90 °C before use. They were immediately transferred into a desiccator in dark for storage after cooling. 32 100 μL of afore-prepared sample solution and the mixed reference standard were diluted 100 times with ethyl acetate.