Malaria In Sub-Saharan Africa
. Introduction
1.1Background
Globally, Malaria remains to be a major problem causing an unacceptable toll on the health and economic welfare of world’s poorest communities. There are some evidences that shows malaria and poverty are intimately connected and currently given as a cause of poverty in poor malarious countries. World Health Organization report has shown that the disease is estimated to be responsible for an estimated average annual reduction of 1.3% in economic growth for those countries with the highest burden (1, 2).Africa has the greatest burden of malaria cases and deaths in the world. In 2000, malaria was the principal cause of (around 18%) deaths among children under 5 years of age in sub Saharan Africa. Malaria is also a
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Statement of the problem:
Ethiopia, realizing the effectiveness of ITNs for prevention of malaria transmission, scaling up distribution and utilization of ITN to cover 60% of children fewer than 5 years of age and pregnant women living at high risk area of malaria transmission is undergoing(7). In order to support this part of malaria prevention aspect there was much effort and resources allocated from donors. On the other hand the proper utilization coverage of ITNs among priority and high risk groups were found to be very low, whereas the 1st phase of the commitment has ended by 2005(1).
Assessment of attaining of Abuja target of 60% ITNs coverage by African countries indicated that Eritrea is the only one that reached this target during 2003 (WHO,2005). Thirty four surveys conducted in the median year of 2001 have shown that the populationweighted coverage of ITN usage in African less than five years of age was 3% (1).Similarly, survey done in Ethiopia have showed that under 5 years of age children and pregnant women who had slept under ITN the previous night of survey were 1.3% and 1.2% for both groups respectively. In the year 2005, only about 3.3% of the households own at least one ITN
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Similarly high proportion of resources to prevent and control malaria is expended in the region, especially in Woreda with intensive transmission (7). Therefore, in addition to the governmental effort, Non-governmental organizations and other were distributing bed nets in their respective catchments (9,10). The share of social marketing is also not negligible
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