Poverty Line Essay

Poverty line

In order to estimate the above-mentioned poverty measures, a poverty line should be set. We used Mongolian national poverty line, which was 118,668 MNT in 2012 as defined by the NSO [14]. This poverty line was estimated based on the cost of minimum food requirements per person (2,100 calories a day) plus some non-food expenditures to minimum food expenditures.

Second, we also used the 1.90USD per day per person poverty line defined by the World Bank for international comparisons. After adjustment of poverty parity exchange, the poverty line is equal to 34,769.6 MNT per month in 2012 price (http://wdi.worldbank.org/table/2.8).

Results

The distributions of health service utilization by expenditure quintiles are presented in Table 1. There were 4,062 (29.8%) households reported that at least one member

Moreover, a majority of the inpatients get meal from their home daily. About 40% of the inpatients buy drug and injections themselves during their hospitalization (Nanzad). The HSES 2009 reported that 71% of household OOP payments tend to be spent for medications, which were bought from private pharmacies (HSES 2009, Health system review 2013).

Third, we found that the poverty head count before accounting OOP payments was 22.26% which is lower that the NSO’s estimation (27.4%) (HSES 2012). It can be explained by a choice of living standard indicator. After accounting OOP for health care from household expenditures, the poverty gap was risen by 0.78% (relative change is 3.51%). It indicates that about 20,000 people were pushed into poverty due to paying for health services at the national poverty line.

A similar study, was conducted by the World Bank team using the HSES 2007/2008, reported that OOP for health payments increased the poverty head count by 2.5% and its relative change was