Pragmatic Equivalence In Translation

Translation is considered as more deeper than exchanging lexical and grammatical terms . A translator 's main goal is to convey the message of the source text with the same meaning and intention . He can achieve this goal when he applies pragmatic equivalence. Pragmatic equivalence can be defined as : the ability of the translator to convey the source language to target language with the same intention of the text producer and equivalent words and same affection to the reader . Mainly , pragmatics has to do with the intention of speakers . It studies why sentences are used and studies also the context of utterance and environment surrounding each sentence used in the situation . Translator should give attention to different

This research paper will examine the linguistic theories of speech act and Gricean maxims and their relations to pragmatic equivalence . It will provide linguist 's opinions about types of speech act and felicity conditions and the maxims and the implicature from different sources . This paper assists the translator to understand the theories and will make him able to convey the implied meaning intended by the speaker not the literal meaning of the words

Austin is the first to discuss that sentences have the ability to make actions through use of separate words and stated different kinds of actions .The theory involves distinction between constatives and performatives and performatives mean "to do actions ". Speech act are defined in relation with pragmatics where verbs have the ability to perform actions, and the smallest unit in the analysis is the speech act . This act is identified as a remark of level of interaction which can extend to the whole texts and discourses . He stated three kinds of acts (a) Locutionary act : actions which occur in uttering complete meaningful sentences ,(b) perlocutionary act : how utterances are effective to the receiver , (c) illocutionary act : is the communicative force attached to utterance and it is valid and complete related to intentions of the speaker . The illocutionary act is defined as a force in communication between speakers that accompanies the utterance and this force includes different acts for instance ; promising ,warning, conceding . Every thing uttered has an aim in mind ,or it means the kind of function the speaker intends to do, accompanied by social conventions . where the illocutionary acts are in relation with intention , and pragmatics also are in relation with intentions of speaker . literal translation won 't be correct in most cases of translation . for example ; A: I have lost your camera . B: thank you . here ,