As a result of the demise of Enron, an issue of sustainability of the shareholder model of corporate governance has come to the forefront of economic debate all over the world. The Enron failure shows a failure of corporate governance where internal control mechanisms were short- circuited by conflicts of interest that enriched some managers at the expense of the shareholders. As a result of that it led to a complete reassessment of ‘shareholder value’ system which became dominant in the United States and United Kingdom in the 1980s and 1990s (Dore, 2006). It is obvious that Enron case has raised important questions relating the shareholder model of corporate governance, showed some noticeable weaknesses, but also declared one significant fact: despite of the fail, shareholder model can work effectively.
C. Penney recently went through a change that brought in a new Chief Executive Officer to manage positive changes. The company underwent changes due to poor strategic management by ex CEO, Ron Johnson. Issues rose when the stocks and shares of J. C. Penney declined, and when his strategies did not align with the direction of the company. It developed a drastic distress amongst the associates and board of directors. This resulted in a replacement of a new CEO (Aimee Groth, 2013).
During that turbulent period, the standard of living deteriorated while the cost of living increased and the shareholders dividends in London rose. As a result the working class believed that the Oil companies were trying to suppress them with their unjust labour practices. This led the workers of the industry to openly voice their concerns. The labourers indicated that because of these issues it presently affect their daily lives as they identified that due to
Trade unions become weaker those days because of increasing non unionism organization. Members were declining because of restrictive work rule and collective bargaining, losing membership vicious circle of weakening union effectiveness. From 1979 to 1997 the union power was purposely weakened by government. The requirement for secret balloting of union members when proposing industrial action, which gave support to the more moderate elements of the trade union movement. The right of employers to dismiss employees taking unofficial strike or other industrial action is also one of the reasons of fall trade union.
Media and governments of different countries constantly raise warning announcements to prevent from the risk of travelling there. Therefore, the inbound tourism rates dropped dramatically. Since 90’s Egypt’s tourism industry has declined due to global and local terrorist attacks, such as the Luxor massacre in 1997, the Sinai bombings in 2004, the Terrorist’s attacks in Cairo and in Sharm El-Sheikh in 2005 and the Dahab bombings in 2006. Other reasons that have affected the Industry lately are the constant protests and marches against the government that result in a large number of deaths, which cause that European countries send travel warnings. Furthermore, global economy situation can impact the Industry, like the devaluation of Russian currency that has affected the Russian tourists, considered a major source of country’s incoming tourism.
They forget that they evacuated to foreign countries during the struggle. The representative or people who are elected to be the councils are blamed for not providing proper service deliveries. They bring back the memories when the service delivery in departments serving blacks was underdeveloped and developed in departments serving whites and coloured. The anger is embedded in the people of South Africa. What needs to be done?
1.0 Introduction Due to the increasing pressure from external environment, there is a critical need for organizations to change for business continuity and sustainability (Kotter and Schlesinger, 2008). As a consequence of global financial crisis, Planet Air Travel has proposed a two-fold strategy which includes the merger with Air Nimble and partnership with Proxima Alliance. However, their proposal was met with a combination of anger and approval by the union. The union’s anger may be triggered by several factors such as PAT’s poor leadership style, lack of communication and participation during change and the lack of understanding of the employees’ psychological reactions. Base on the survey by Maurer (1997), it shows that resistance is
In 1979 the refugees had reached the official number of 1.3 million with more than half established in the north (Ahmed & Green, 1999). This had put tremendous pressure on the nation’s economy and Barre oppressed those refugees unrelentingly. Barre’s regime was especially hostile to those refugees in the north, particularly the people of the Issaq clan; in addition Barre used the refugee crisis as an excuse to request foreign aid. These northerners were barred from working in the government and many of the Ogaden refugees were recruited by the Western Somali Liberation Front (WSLF) and were terrorizing the Issaq people living in the region to the point where they feared the WSLF more the Ethiopian Army (The African Watch Committee, 1990). The actions of the Barre regime and the subjugation of the Issaq people led to a civil war and the region which is known as Somaliland declared its independence.
Given the controversy surrounding these elections, the progress of Albania's democratic transition was yet again questioned . The problematic findings were numerous (31 issues and recommendations) such as: the composition of electoral commissions, the modification of the electoral law favouring the party in power, the counting process, the violence toward the opposition candidates and media members etc. Armed dissidents threatened the elections and the later incarceration of the leader of the opposition demonstrated that Albania took a step backwards in the democratization process. “The happenings broke the trust of Albanian citizens in the political parties and institutions” . The state-protected economic pyramid schemes, in which numerous people had invested almost all of their savings, collapsed in 1997.
jealousy between locals and the migrants who obtain government benefits are quite large in their first years. Increasing social inequality (difference unequal income for the rich and the poor). Silenced criticism and opposition is forbidden. Freedom of the press is limited, characterized by many newspapers and magazines were banned. The use of violence to create security, among others, with the program "Mysterious Shooting"