Preemptive War Prevention

When George Washington presented his farewell address, he urged our fledgling democracy, to seek avoidance of foreign entanglements. However, as the world modernized, and our national interests spread, the possibility of not becoming involved in foreign entanglements became impossible. The arenas of open warfare and murky hostile acts have become separated by a vast gray line. Even today, choosing when and how to use US military force remain in question. The concept of national isolationism failed to prevent our involvement in World War I. Global trade has interconnected the US to regions of the globe as never before. Throughout the world, situations occur that the United States government has to decide if it is in our national interest to intervene with military force.

The attack comes without warning and President Harry Truman, with the help of the United Nations, vows to defend democratic South Korea. The Containment Policy stated that the US would support any nation that are being oppressed by communism and cannot protect themselves from it. This became America’s major reason to intervene in the Korean War. However, the policy of containment came under attack due casualties and economic issues that the policy created. One of the major effects that over extended the powers of American foreign policy is that it gave the US a reason to interfere with any war they wanted as long as it involved communism. Therefore, this policy can be easily abused as it can serve for a way to allow the US obtain its national interest, rather than just fighting for democracy. This was a major factor in the Korean War since the South Korean government that stated they were democratic, were actually controlled by a dictator. American policy became highly criticized because it implied that the US only used the policy of containment to satisfy its own

The art of fear is essential in nuclear deterrence. Using the film Dr. Strangelove (Stanley Kubrick, 1964) I will argue that nuclear deterrence is hard to achieve when communication of nuclear capabilities is not well established amongst states. In this paper, I will use the film Dr. Strangelove (1964) to argue how theories such as deterrence theory, realist theory, security dilemma, preventative war, pre-emptive war as well as relative gains and zero sum game led to a failure to achieve nuclear deterrence between the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. To make my argument on how more nuclear weapons may hinder deterrence, this essay will proceed as follows; I will firstly discuss the how nuclear deterrence and mutually

Article 2(4) of the United Nations Charter states that, "all member states shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, nor in any manner inconsistent with the purposes of the United Nations” . It is therefore a unilateral agreement signed by member states against the use of force when dealing each other. World events however since the signing and ratification of the UN Charter have indicated that states who are signatories to the charter continue to use force against each other for various reasons. Some 25 years after the writing and ratification of the charter one cannot doubt that states have used force and sought to justify it through individual or collective self-defence claims, as well as humanitarian claims in furtherance of national agendas and to increase territory. This no doubt may have been what frustrated Franck into the stance that Article 2(4) was in its grave.

General deterrence and Specific deterrence at first glance seems like it runs hand and hand. As you look closer and understand it better, you come to the realization that they are two different topics. General deterrence is focused on the legal punishment if you are caught committing a crime. Specific deterrence focuses on punishment of criminals that are apprehended. So many question still remain on how effective both deterrence really are. General and Specific deterrence have good and bad effects on citizens. It prevents crime and some cases and fuels the rage in some.

The History Channel site asserts, “ The Normandy landings have been called the beginning of the end of war in Europe.” (D-Day). By December 1941, after great controversy between the isolationists and interventionists of America, the United States made the decision to enter the second world war. Prior to America joining the war, the conflict had stayed between the Axis powers and the Allies, excluding the United States. The rise of the Nazi Party along with the idea of a totalitarian rule is what ultimately led to the conflict between the Axis and Allied powers. Each Axis power knew the American society, economy, and military was not one you would want to go against. Operation Overlord would soon prove this theory. Even though many American

Defense, known as resisting attack, combined with foreign, a country other than its own country, equals out to be the defense for your own country for its good against opposing foreign countries. During the time period of 1789 through 1825, the United States extended foreign policy as a method of defense and protection from perceived or actual threats of the almighty Europe. During the late 1700’s while Washington was President, he ordered for a foreign policy of Neutrality; neutrality meaning maintaining unharmful relations with both France and Britain. As the idea of protection and defense of America was continued to be kept in mind by our federal government, by the early 1800’s the Monroe Doctrine was eventually formed to avoid any interferences by Europe and their contagious conflicts, preventing our land to ever

Much of the war powers in the United States government falls on the acts of our Congress. Nonetheless, the President of the United States still holds some powers over the military and over the acts of waging war. Once Congress declares war, it is the duty of the President to be the leader of that war. The Presidents title is the Commander in Chief, therefor all leaders of the military report directly to the President. This title undoubtedly gives the President many powers over war, even ones that are not directly stated in the United States Constitution.

The United States’ imposition of an embargo for aircraft caused a stir in Japan. Two years after, America imposed a second embargo, only this time stopping oil shipments. Considering 80% of Japan’s oil was imported from them, this left the island country with an insufficient supply of petroleum (Doc D). The blockage in trade resulted in heavy sufferings for Japan’s military. Previous Prime Minister Hideki Tojo expected the oil supply to last only two years before navy ships are compelled to stop moving (Doc E). Japan’s displeasure at this affair soon developed into an aspiration for revenge at Pearl

In May 1940 President Roosevelt moved the US Pacific Fleet from California to Pearl Harbor. In July of the same year the US Congress passes the Naval Expansion Act which promised to triple the fleet size by 1944(Doc C). This gives evidence that the US did not stop at a simple embargo on aircraft. It demonstrates that the US was keeping a close watch on Japanese affairs so that they could be ready to attack if they needed to. The Japanese were aware of the actions being taken by the US. They knew that soon enough they would be attacked if they didn't attack first. That is why they were just waiting for the push to start an attack on the

Additionally the bombing of pearl harbor before the attack the United States was a neutral country in the war. Seen in the history book Franklin Delano Roosevelt passed the neutrality act and this new law made it illegal to sell arms or trade with a country at war. Seen on History.com after this act was passed it threatened Japan’s economy when they couldn’t trade oil they started planning secert attacks on the United States. Japan had to make an impression to the rest of the world. The Japanese killed husbands wives and

Landon acknowledged the extreme difficulty and highly charged emotions because of the European war. Not siding with the Nazis or the Fascists, Landon acknowledged the death and suffering of the many millions of Europeans. He concedes that the effects that their deaths and suffering will have an adverse effect on our liberties for years to come. However, he admonished the president for stating that we would not send an expeditionary force to Europe, as it appears that on that issue confusion reigned. Landon questioned the president in regards to the success of Great Britain as being a vital interest to America or if staying out of war is the dominant vital interest of America. Landon expressed concern over the pattern followed by the FDR administration

The drastic change in the prairie economy and mindset during the war from 1939 to 1945, created labour shortage among men, which in turn had more women in the work force taking over previous jobs that were held by men only. The war helped the prairie’s economy recover from the Depression. The federal government proclaimed the War Measures Act, dealt with conscription, and introduced other acts and programs such as the National Resources Mobilization Act and the National Selective Service program. The prairie and the rest of Canada seem to be in a cautious and fear mindset, which saw the religious group of the Jehovah’s witnesses banned from practicing their faith, and some political organizations were banned too. They arrested people that had spoken against the war. Canada was not hospitable to Jewish refugees during the war, their accommodation was in the same camps as the German prisoners of war brought from Europe. There was forcible relocation for some ethnic groups. The Japanese were removed from the Pacific coast and some Japanese family worked as labours for Albert’s sugar beet farms. Intolerance increased against conscientious objectors, which were forced to work in work camps in national parks.

Based upon the basic principles of distinction, the X-47B was not justified initiating the missile strike. The principle of distinction, distinguishing between the civilian population and combatants, was completed, but not every aspect of protection was accomplished. X-47B knew the exact location of V and Z and took into account a normal blast would not affect any civilians. It did not factor in what would happen if there were more explosives inside the building. Based on the principle proportionality it is prohibited to intentionally launch an attack which is expected to cause incidental loss of civilian life, injury to civilians, and damage to civilian objects which would be excessive in relation to the concrete and direct military

War and genocide have historically been closely related and even described as Siamese twins. Genocide can occur without war but war cannot occur without some elements of genocide as the distinction between legitimate war and genocide is not clear. War is defined as an armed conflict between different nations or groups within a nation. Scholars who have studied the relationship between war and genocide have argued that they are one in the same. It is a very convincing argument especially when examining the UN Convention on genocide. The UN Convention defines genocide as “any of the follow acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial, or religious group” (Jones 13). The wordings of the definition can