Prefrontal Extinction

Scientific thinking is distinguished from non-scientific thinking by its reliance on testable facts and evidence. Scientists are supposed to adhere to stipulated rules and principle in their inquiry and reporting. Press releases, on the other hand, are not confined by any inquiry or reporting rules. Journalists thus have unlimited freedom in their writing, and they often misrepresent facts and information during reporting to suit their needs. Press releases are prone to factual misrepresentations and generalizations, and this greatly reduces their credibility.

“Aggression and related behaviours in children and adolescents are central issues in our time, from public school shootings and similar instances of “children killed other children” to concern about rising rates of youth crime and delinquency in the community, to the relationship between unrecognized and untreated mental illness and violence in youngsters, there are many worries and much debate about excessive, inappropriate aggression in young people in our society”. (Connor, 2002, p. 1) This report will explore the causal elements and mechanisms of aggressive behavior seen in teenagers. In psychology the term aggression can be said to refer to an assortment of behaviors that

To understand antisocial behavior in young people and its impact on society, we next consider its expression in

“So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past.” (p.180). The closing quote of “The Great Gatsby”, what F. Scott Fitzgerald published in 1925, conveys nostalgia and the concept of self-awareness, particularly present within the psychological literary critique of the modernist novel. The author, appeals to the apathetic reader to strengthen a continuous condemnation of the American attitudes and values after the Great War in a liberal and dependent America. Adhering to a psychoanalytical perspective, F. Scott Fitzgerald portrays privileged American inhabitants through symbolism of omnipresence, characterization through apotheosis, and the contextual recurring theme of failure, to criticize the existential

Raine et al (2000) conducted an experiment using 21 participants with antisocial personality disorder (APD) and high psychopathy scores. An 11% reduction in the volume of gray matter in the prefrontal cortex was found in the APD group, compared to the normal control group. This implies the volume reduction of the PFC- although subtle, is significant as it can lead to antisocial behaviours. Furthermore, during a social stressor task in which participants had to prepare and give a speech about their own personal faults the ADP group showed a lower autonomic activity. Damasio (2000) believes this task is thought to provoke secondary emotions such as embarrassment and shame, which the ventromedial PFC is thought to mediate (as cited in Raine and Adrian, 2002). This could help explain why some violent offenders do not feel remorse when committing crimes and continue to break the laws of society; they feel no guilt due to dysfunction of the PFC. Overall, neurological studies are useful as they enable us to understand those who are antisocial and research can be used to guide them to appropriate

According to the article Psychopathy: A Misunderstood Disorder, published in Science Daily, we don’t really know much about psychopathy at all! Instead of it being one disorder, it is actually many, that together form psychopathy, thus the countless studies that contradict each other. Lead author Jennifer Skeem, along with colleagues Devon Polaschek, Christopher Patrick and Scott Lilienfeld say that the seemingly small differences in psychopaths are often overlooked by policy-makers, when the differences can actually develop into serious problems down the road. Skeem wants to clarify the common misconception about how one becomes a psychopaths, if they are born that way or made that way, the common “nature v. nurture” dilemma. Research suggests

Research has shown damage and dysfunction to the prefrontal cortex can have an effect on a persons antisocial behaviours. The pre-frontal cortex strong association with moral reasoning, social precessing and inhibition plays a huge role in this, with dysfunction in these areas affecting a person’s emotional response and behaviour. Permanent damage and temporal disfunction from substances like alcohol and drugs can lead to different types of anti-social behaviour such as violence and humour processing. But it must be noted, other factors such as environment and upbringing also play huge roles in what leads people to antisocial behaviour

Treatment and interventions for antisocial behavior are limited to treatments that target overall behavioral improvement. This paper will discuss the potential improvements in interventions for individuals with antisocial behavior, through the help of neurological understandings of the brain. Neurological understandings of the brain can help develop interventions that can improve behavior among the youth for better behavioral outcomes in adulthood. Current interventions give the tools for individuals to learn from presenting behavioral problems, but they do not address the core of the problem in identifying the mechanisms behind impaired responses for future contingencies. Also, neurological understandings can help with the development of

Childhood trauma directly affects the frontal limbic system in the right hemisphere of the brain. Because if this, children who experience childhood trauma experience difficulties in attaining homeostasis. They are also challenged to become self- regulated. This significantly impacts affect regulation because these children are not equipped with the skills to respond empathetically to others (Applegate & Shapiro, 2005). Perhaps, this idea may also explain Javier’s ability to respect authority and not his peers at school. Javier exhibiting a lack of empathy combined with a lack of impulse control is not only associated with issues in attachment, but in his infliction of aggressive behaviors toward

Psychopathy is a personality disorder comprising an affective formation, interpersonal and behavioural characteristics including callousness, fearlessness, deceitfulness, grandiosity, impulsiveness, excitement seeking and aggression, among others (Hare & Neumann, 2008). Often it coexists with antisocial behaviour and personality traits, even with substance use, problems such as aggression and impulsivity. However, longstanding debates continue regarding the purview and extend of the concept.

Changes in the brain transform how people see the world and limits the abilities they can acquire. The first text, “Embarrassed? Blame Your Brain” by Jennifer Connor-Smith, examines the brain being affected by hormones that make teens more sensitive to embarrassment. On the contrary, the second article, “Use It or Lose It: A good brain pruning” by Laura K. Zimmermann, discusses brain pruning, the process that removes connections between neurons that are not used. This pruning occurs during early childhood and in later adolescence. The relationships between behavior and the brain in each text differ because the first article talks about how the brain affects embarrassment in teens, the second article talks about brain pruning, and they differ primarily in the benefits of each.

We may do or says things we’re not particularly proud of. However, after some time we generally come to our senses, we accept responsibility for our emotions, we feel remorse or shame. The question remains, why do physopaths behave the way they do? Is it the result of their environment, how they were raised or is there a genetic component to their lack of conscience? “The last two decades have seen tremendous growth in biological research on psychopathy.” Recent research, however, controversial among the psychiatric community suggest that psychopaths don’t lack empathy but, are able to turn it on and off like a switch. Having empathy doesn’t automatically mean we’ll want to help someone in need, though it’s often a crucial first step toward sympathetic response. “Researchers have for decades been almost unanimous in their accord with the popular perception that psychopaths are made in a certain way, and will forever remain that way.” Consequently, individuals with psychopathic personality stroll among us undetected each day. Psychopaths appear normal and blend into society; they maintain families, friends and successful jobs. They are more common than most of us realize. Typically, society thinks of psychopaths as nothing more than criminals, predators such as serial killers or

The role of psychiatrist and psychologist continuously proves to be important when regarding behaviors and especially criminal behaviors to identify the traits that cause a person to behave in antisocial behavior. There have been many improvements that act accordingly in trying to diagnose and treat patients before they commit a crime that can harm themselves or someone else. The judicial system has considered that an array of both biological and environmental factors plays key roles in determining how a person will interact with

there are large numbers of people who are doing work for a long time. A momental structures and more other a lot of statues and structures were built, forces and governments

Unmasking The Face by Paul Ekman and Wallace V. Friesen is about faces and feelings. They show the blueprints, of a volunteer named Patricia, of what facial expressions for specific emotions look like. They explain the key aspects of what you should look for to discover the emotion the person is showing. Many mistakes are made when trying to read the face. Faces show many signals for one message and often times the expressions last only a few seconds. When trying to identify the emotion, you may look at the wrong signal. Ekman and Friesen explain different experiments they did to discover the key facial expressions for surprise, fear, disgust, anger, happiness, and sadness.