Primus Hall Research Paper

During the years 1825-1850, in the United States, was the age of reform. A time where nationalism and pride grew in the hearts of the American people, that they struggled to bring back the true meaning upon which their country was built. Social, intellectual and religious reform movements in the United States during the years 1825-1850, caused the expansion of democratic ideals through the reformers and reform movements; such as the Women’s Rights Movement, Temperance Movement, Abolitionist Movement, Asylum Reform, Jail Reform, Transcendentalism and the Second Great Awakening, by introducing the idea in the increase of women’s rights, encouraging an abstinence from alcohol, abolishing slavery, improving the treatment of the mentally unstable,

This society was founded in Philadelphia in April of 1775. Later, in 1784, the society changed its name to the Pennsylvania Society for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery and the Relief of Free Negroes Unlawfully Held in Bondage. The leader of this society was Anthony Benezet. Benezet was a Quaker educator who is also recognized for persuading the Quakers to create the Negro School at Philadelphia.

In the reading from We Are Your Sisters: Black Women in the Nineteenth Century, Dorothy Sterling explores the many experiences of mainly African American women during the period of the Reconstruction era. Sterling states “whites put aside random acts of violence in favor of organized terror.” She focuses a lot on those experiences that involves the Ku Klux Klan (who were the organization responsible for these organized terror) and in a way, it seems fair because they were the main perpetrators of hate crimes against the African American community.

In the early 19th century, the overall atmosphere of the nation was charged with overwhelming positivity. The end of the War of 1812 left American feeling as if they won. It filled the citizens with a sense of optimism and inspiring nationalism. The market revolution, which lasted from around the time of the War til the 1860s, brought about many changes. It brought about changes in American business interaction, social changes like establishment of the cult of domesticity, and westward expansion of territory. All these events caused the American focus to deviate from religion. Approximately 50 years after the First Great awakening in the middle of the 18th century, religion once again began to be emphasized in America. Thus, this noteworthy

After reading all the passages contained in “The Black Church” by Marilyn Mellows I quickly decided to write about “Origins and Abolition”. Perhaps, it was the fact that each of the aforementioned passages included historical references to Philadelphia. I am always interested in the role that Philadelphia played in shaping the course of African American history. These passages illuminate the individuals that charted new paths as slaves persevered and fought defiantly as they marched towards freedom.

Texas’s first African American woman novelist was also a biographer, diarist, educator, publisher, and librarian. Lillian B. Horace was born on April 29, 1880 in Jefferson, Texas. Her parents were Thomas Armstead and Mary Ackard. The family moved to Fort Worth, Texas when Lillian was a young toddler. She would go on to receive her early and formal education, graduating from the historically black institution, I. M. Terrell High School. Lillian enrolled in Bishop College in Marshall, Texas, where she took classes from 1898 to 1899. She focused her entire life around writing, entrepreneurship, community activism, philanthropy, and her faith.

The major role played by African American women in the reconstruction era is revised and illustrated in Tera W. Hunter’s To Joy my Freedom and Elsa Barkley Brown’s article Negotiating and Transforming the Public Sphere: African American Political Life in the Transition from Slavery to Freedom. Both documents analyze the participation and involvement of black women in social and political activities inside of their communities.

Sarah Breedlove, also known as Madam C.J. Walker, born on December twenty-third of eighteen sixty-seven in Delta, Louisiana. Sarah Breedlove is to be considered lucky as to which she was the first child in her family to be a “free-born” from slavery once her parents were allowed to leave. She lived a tragedy at such an early age of seven with the withdrawal of her parents’ lives in this world. Sarah was then later in the custody of her older sister. At such an early age, Sarah Breedlove was married to her first husband, Moses McWilliams, and became a teenage mother at eighteen with her daughter named A ’Leila. Two years later, her husband McWilliams passed away. While maintaining her young daughter at a public school with the low payment Sarah Breedlove received, she began to

Florence Kelley was a famous Progressive-Era social reformer known for her protective legislation on working women and children. From a young age, she committed herself to social reform like at Hull House in Chicago and also as the first general secretary of the National Consumers League. She later helped start National Association for the Advancement of Colored People(NAACP) who policy was “to ensure the political, educational, social, and economic equality of rights of all persons and to eliminate racial hatred and racial discrimination.” The famous case of Muller V. Oregon showed Florence’s conquest to establish labor laws against working long hours and bad working conditions. This case paved a way into new ideas and eventually created the labor unions we have today

(Purvis 2) This committee assisted the fugitive slaves and cared for their needs throughout their long journeys. This organization is part of the Underground Railroad, which is a network of safe houses and secret routes that supplied runaway African-American slaves with the necessities for living. The Philadelphia Vigilance Committee assisted with food, water, clothes, shelter, legal fees, medical attention, and transportation, which was a big help to the suffering fugitives. Over time they made a large impact on the community by assisting around 495 runaway slaves. (Blockson 233) Although the members of this community new that there were large penalties and doing this was very dangerous at the time, they still continued to do it because they believed in slaves rights. Most of these runaway slaves came from Virginia and Maryland and tried their best to travel North, to Canada and New York to leave their old lives behind. (Purvis 1) Purvis’s activities outside of the committee were well known throughout the city, which led him into being targeted by many people for his differed beliefs. (Purvis 1) Purvis worked very closely with this organization and tried to protect the members at all costs. (Engledew 2) This association kept many records of the people they helped and the members, but Purvis destroyed the committee files to protect the members from prosecution. (Blockson 232) Robert Purvis was one of the first African American abolitionists at the time and he inspired many people to join and help the cause. For example, in 1839, while he was elected president of the committee, 9/16 of the members were black. (Blockson 235) This committee was a large part of Purvis’s life and how he helped people at the time, his actions

The title of the document being analyzed is David Walker’s Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World. This document was written as a book but, for the purpose of this lesson, condensed and placed only portions of two of the four original articles written in 1829.

At times the assertions in Jennifer L. Morgan’s Laboring Women: Reproduction and Gender in New World Slavery can seem unexpectedly straightforward, for example when she merely states that, “African women were there” (197). At other points, the connections she proposes between race, gender, the body, colonialism, and ideology are almost overwhelmingly entangled and complex. But it is perhaps this mix of the explicit and the theoretical that make the book such an insightful and transformative work in the field of early Atlantic history. For while her topic is focused, the depth of her questioning, the scope of her research, and the attention she pays to the theoretical framework within that topic are profound.

Treated unfairly, beaten and put down slaves, had no rights in the novel The Invention of Wings. Sue Monk Kidd explained abolition at its greatest point of effectiveness. Abolitionists despised slavery and did everything in their power to abolish it. It took courage to be an abolitionist because an abolitionist had to take the harder path and stand up to the people who opposed ending slavery. In the novel the characters face hardship, sorrow and loss, but it is through their ability to be courageous that helps them learn best what they must do to survive.

The mass suicide in Jonestown is easily one of the most infamous events in modern history. The saying “Drink the Kool-Aid” is from this event and still used to this day. The mass suicide happened in 1978, yet people still have so many questions. They cannot wrap their minds on why people would just follow a man to another country and kill themselves. I believe they do not understand what being in a group can cause and what some would do just because of being in that group.

Women play a pivotal role in the growth and development of social, economic and political spheres. There are countable women in the history of the world who have made remarkable contributions to the various spheres. Their accounts are recorded in books, magazines and journals amongst others. The Feminine Mystique is one of the books that received a wide audience in the 1950s. Written by Betty Friedan, the book is highly associated with the revolutions that led to the women liberation movements. The chapter on the “Problem that has No Name,” explains the dilemma of women and the challenges they faced