Grignard Reagent
Introduction
Grignard reagent is considered as an organometallic compound or it's the composition of electrophilic and nucleophilic that electrophilic is the carbon atom of organic halide which is directly attached to the halogen, it's reactivity can be switched to the nucleophilic reactivity by conversion an organomagnesium halide. It has the general formula of (RMgX) and it has a general nomenclature which it's called magnesium alkyl halide.
We can get Grignard reagent by adding one of solutions of alkyl halide to an ether, slowly. Then, garbling them that's leads to the boiling of solution and magnesium becomes disappeared so, we can get the reagent.
Grignard reagent is also considered as the best known reagent of all organometallic compounds, as carbon atom is connected to a metal atom which may be
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Grignard reagent is added to get an alcohol which may be secondary alcohol or tertilly alcohol and it also may form a primary alcohol, if an organometallic halide is added to formaldehyde. We can also get alkanes from this reagent by adding it to water, this type of reactions happens by the expulsion of weak acid from it's salt and using another strong acid. In general, in Grignard reagent it's be the addition of an organomagnesium halide to aldehyde or ketone .
1- Grignard reagents react with oxygen of the air or moisture but the air must be replaced with an inert gas like, argon or nitrogen because these reagents are so sensitive to moisture and oxygen.
Properties of Grignard reagents :
2- Grignard reagents dissolve rabidly in two types of ethers, alicyclic ether and aliphatic ether and they also dissolve in other solvents.
3- Grignard reagents are colorless solids.
4- They highly reactive with amines, alcohols, acetylene and water.
5- They may react with the compounds which contain hydrogen that should be active as well as, halogen and carbonyl compounds.
Reactions of Grignard
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