The Definition and Models of Curriculum
Although “Curriculum” is most commonly associated with the purposed, planned, written material used in education, the origin of the Latin word leaves it open to a much wider application. The Latin word simply means “to run a course”. This provides a metaphor for curriculum that includes anything and everything that might contribute to the success or failure of finishing the course with any reward.
Curriculum Models There are various ways in which the idea of curriculum can be conceptualized. The four main models of curriculum that were covered in this study included curriculum as a syllabus, a product, a process and as praxis. The Syllabus model values the content or the body of knowledge to be taught
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This is not syllabus or content centered, neither is it product or teacher centered. The process model is student centered and recognizes that truly effective education results from healthy, purposed interactions between the instructor, student and the content knowledge. This model is not concerned with the physical text that might be used, as much as the relational interaction, reasoning and conclusions that must take place in the process. The syllabus model looks at the information you have at the beginning, the product model looks to the behavioral achievements at the end and the process model in focused on the journey the student must encounter for effective learning to take place. This model recognizes that the curriculum involves an active, interactive and reactive process that must encourage reasoning, experimentation and critical thinking between the parties involved. The teacher must expect, prepare for and allow an engaging encounter in an open interactive experience. With the process model, the same data will be taught to two difference groups which would involve two different experiences. This model is student driven and, rather than just involving downloading of information from the teachers side, can result in a more effective learning on the student side.
Curriculum as Praxis The model of curriculum that I most favor is the praxis model of curriculum. This model is really an extension of the process model in that, beyond the process, it is also concerned with how the knowledge finds relevance and practical use and application in the students life. This model is not merely concerned with a fixed theoretical syllabus, a rigid program or even just an interactive process for learning, but desires to see the student liberated and equipped to interact with and succeed in the real world.
Each lesson includes pre-instructional strategies, content presentation, learner participation, an assessment, and follow through activities. Instructional Theories and
The Other Education written by David Brooks identifies how society lacks the studies of non-scholastic curriculum. Yet, he defines curriculum as a broad term in this article. When thinking about scholastic aspects people ponder the thought of school subjects, however Brooks wishes that society would look past the direct studies. Brooks himself writes, “…Such and such classes, such and such grades, and amassed such and such degrees.”
The middle school model uses various modes of instruction that benefit various of learners. The middle school model uses student centered approaches to learning. Inquiry learning and interactive learning are also emphasized in the middle school model. Differentiation is used to meet the needs of all unique learners. Cooperative learning, discussions, student inquires, and projects are used to meet the needs of auditory, visual, kinesthetic learners.
Advantages and Disadvantages The William and Mary Research model is thorough and systematic. This is the major advantage I notice, and I think its effectiveness is in the structure it provides for both students and teachers. Teachers are able to clearly model each phase throughout the research process because each phase is clearly defined. Students are able to understand the relevance of each individual phase and the practicality of the progression.
There is the analogous relation between the two major approaches to learning and reflective thinking practice (Leung & Kember, 2003; Phan, 2007).This intertwined relationship is, again, pivotal to the cultivation and encouragement of quality learning in higher education contexts. Pedagogical strategies and learning objectives that entail complexities in this sense stimulate intellectual curiosity and positive perceptions of task value, facilitating in this process engagement of meaningful learning and deep learning strategies (Kember et al., 2000). In this study, students’ learning is key aspects of investigation in understanding quality in students’ learning. Especially from a phenomenographic perspective, how students approach learning is a key issue in examining qualitative
It is prepared for students to self-assess if they meet each criterion, a vital self-scaffolding technique. Not only that but most often the criteria are linked one another, hence they formulate the learning. Holton & Clarke (2006) highly recommends to empower the students to develop their own problem solving skills, with this in mind, the first process success criterion encourages students to analyse the question and get a greater picture before they start solving it. This is transferable skill that can be applied with any
Abstract As early childhood educators, we the teachers have differing philosophies and approaches to education of our own. There are many different types of early childhood programs. Each program is unique in its philosophies, methods, and program goals. Every one of us early childhood educators is unique in our own way, which makes each early childhood program experience different and special to everyone involved.
(Miller & Almon, 2009). Children can learn from the different activities that the curriculum provides that fit all the students. In addition, children have the choice to choose which activity they want to do, and they have the chance to talk or share their opinion. Moreover, these curriculums are necessary conditions for ensuring optimal growth and development of young
Differentiation, with respect to instruction, means tailoring it to meet individual needs of the students. Teachers can differentiate content, process, products, or the learning environment, the use of ongoing assessment and flexible grouping makes this a successful approach to instruction. Teachers differentiate the four classroom elements based on student readiness, interest, or learning profile. (Tomlinson 2000). Differentiated instruction can be known as an organizing framework in teaching and learning which calls for a major restructuring in the classroom and syllabus, if done in the proper way, its benefits will transgress the costs.
The second category refers to self-directed learning as a process of learning. Attempts are made to understand the process of self-direction with a view of adopting them to formal learning. They are three main models, linear, interactive, and instructional models Knowles and Tough model are linear. Knowles developed learning contract meant to encourage and support learner’s self-direction.
In order to make their learning and assessment ongoing and not episodic, I develop an appropriate curriculum, planning lessons to meet students' learning needs and using inferences about student progress to inform my teaching. I make lessons and assessments a linked series of activities undertaken over time, so that progress is directed towards the intended course goals and the achievement of relevant
This unit is designed to purposefully integrate KLAs such as; History, Geography, Science, Drama, Maths and English allowing students to deepen their knowledge and fully immerse their learning of this topic in varied real world contexts (Hudson, 2012). The key teaching strategies incorporated in this unit of work are peer teaching, cooperative learning giving students an authentic real world learning experience (Scholl. et al, 2016), explicit teaching, scaffolding and inquiry based learning. These strategies are expected to foster KLA integration (Reynolds, 2014) to support the student 's learning
Assignment 1: Curriculum Inception Angela Bass Dr. Melanie Gallman EDU 555 Strayer University January 20, 2018 Introduction Curriculum development describes how a training or teaching organization plans and guides learning. It involves planning, implementation, and monitoring of a systematic process that creates a positive learning environment. It is, therefore, important to design a pilot curriculum that ensures proper evaluation of the content, teaching materials as well as teaching methods involved in the changed curriculum (McKinn, 2008). The pilot curriculum also serves as an assessment tool for acceptance of the curriculum by the faculty and students.
The purpose of education is to create the “catalyst”, - the interest, the imagination, the self-confidence, the enthusiasm for further knowledge that helps a person grow beyond what they believe they can be. Education should help develop skills and knowledge, so students can be productive members of society. The more knowledge you have, the more opportunities you have in life. I think back to my childhood and the teachers that made an impact in my life. I want to be that catalyst for students.
Curriculum models provide a structure for teachers to “systematically and transparently map out the rationale for the use of particular teaching, learning and assessment approaches” in the classroom, and are regarded as an effective and essential framework for successful teachers (O’Neill 2015, p27). Feeding into a particular curricular stance, it is essential to recognise the multiplicity of sources which will govern this individual framework. Oronstein and Hunkins observe that, when designing a curricular stance, educators must first consider the “philosophical and learning theories” which will inform their “design decisions” (2009, p182). This approach is essential to ensure that the curricular approaches one selects are “consonant with