MOTIVATION OF PERSONEL Human behavior is a complex issue that is linked by many variables such as ambition, work experience, personal experiences, social environment, the number and the intensity of individual needs. Furthermore, it can an also be viewed as the overall reaction of people to hypokinetic forces. The individual behaves in one way or another, because it meets the motivational forces that act in some specific way. Motivation shall be defined by Robbins, (1993) (as cited in Ramlall, 2004) as: “the willingness to exert high levels of effort toward organizational goals, conditioned by the effort’s ability to satisfy some individual need”. Recently, Tan Shen Kian and Wan Fauziah Wan Yusoff (2012) described motivation as an act that
Motivation and Emotion Motivation is an area of psychology that has gotten a great deal of attention in the recent years. This is because we all want to make a success of our lives, we all want to be seen as motivated, and we all want direction and drive. A motive or motivation can be defined as a need, interest, desire or want that leads someone in a certain direction. This motivation is what causes us to take action. Gorman (2004) says: “Motivation is an attempt to explain the ‘why’ of all forms of behaviour and is concerned with goal-directed behaviour.” Have you ever asked yourself the question, “What is my motivation for doing a specific task?” We need to know why we need to do something in order to effectively perform it.
William James (2014) shaped a record of human instincts such as thing as attachment, play, shame, anger, fear, shyness, modesty and love but there’s a problem in this theory which is this theory didn’t really clarify the behavior and it is just only described. There is also another theory of motivation which is the incentive theory of motivation that is divide in to two category which are the intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, first is the intrinsic motivation which is you do a certain thing because you want to seek out new things and new challenges. It is determined by an interest or satisfaction in the task itself. The second one is the extrinsic motivation obviously it refers to the incentive that the person that will get after doing a tasks they are motivated to do things because they know at the end of the day they will get a reward. Like in school, students study hard because they know after the semester of their hard work would be paid off.
Behavior that is performed for its own sake is intrinsically motivated and behavior that is performed to acquire material or social rewards or to avoid punishment is extrinsically motivated. Examples of extrinsic motivators are salary, working conditions and job security, while opportunities to use one 's own initiative and creativity are examples of intrinsic motivators. ( - ) The vast diversity of people and the complexity of their behavior have led to a broad range and variety of motivation theories. The purpose of these motivation theories is to attempt to explain and predict observable behavior. ( ) Motivation theories can be broadly divided in two groups: needs theories and process theories.
People are motivated by internal, social, and organizational factors. In term of an internal factor, people feel motivated when they can fulfill their physiological and psychological needs if they achieve the goal. In term of social factor, people will become motivated when they are seeing the link between effort and outcome, perceiving justice or facing the challenge. In term of organization factors, people’s motivation increased
Researchers identified two forms of motivated behavior as intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation, Vallerand, (2012). As for intrinsic motivation, is a behavior based on satisfaction and internal value. With regards to extrinsic behavior, it is when a person engages in behavior based on external rewards; while extrinsic motivation in fact motivates employees and that organizations apply monetary incentives alone or with other interventions to motivate their employees, Naile & Selesho, 2014; Nawab et al., (2011). In Nawab et al. (2011), suggested that intrinsic motivators were essential to get the best efforts from employees.
Motivation Motivation in other words can be described as a will or being dedicated to focus on achieving a certain goal/objective with a person’s inner drive or with outside factors. Which is basically called Intrinsic and Extrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation comes from within a person. For example an intrinsic motivation of mine could be to perfect my back-to-back turn in swimming as I am not that good at it and also as it helps to reduce the time wasted when moving on to the next length. Other examples of this type of motivation are; having pride in performing a certain skill, the desire to overcome a certain task, desire to overcome a problem, etc.
Moneta (2012) conducted a study that provide evidence if creativity opportunity is given, it will energize people’s intrinsic motivation will be more. Uniqueness in her study revealed that intrinsic motivation is also associated with probability of experiencing flow in work, a. positive aspects and characteristics of hyper-focus, according framework from Csikszentmihalyi (2000). In flow, there is a state of profound task absorption, enhanced cognitive efficiency and deep intrinsic enjoyment that make a person feel one with the
For example: studying to get a good grade, cleaning your room so you don't get punished by your parent, or in today's world, go to work every morning in order to get a salary. This last one is the most common and its the one that has been more present in the workforce. The other form of motivational factors is an intrinsic factor, this involves engaging in a behavior that will give you a personal reward. It essentially means performing an activity for its own sake than from the desire of some external reward. For example: making a puzzle because you think the challenge is fun or practicing a sport.
Since the employees are motivated, it will keep them energized and they become hard workers. When employees are highly motivated, they produce great results, therefore organization will have more achievements. Motivation can be classified into two types, external and internal motivation. One of the external motivations that make an employee to stay in the organization is salary. However, salary is not enough to get employee's effort out.