American English Compounding In Ause

Nowadays American English is developing rapidly and its word-formation is very productive following the trends of the today’s generation. American English can be more precisely described and analysed than other varieties of English since its changes and expansion can be easily traced from the media, internet, magazines, and written articles on this topic.
3.1.1 Suffixation
American English (AmE) as any other variety of English has deverbal suffixes that express grammatical functions rather than semantic concepts, for example, ‘state of...’ (starvation);‘agent’ (baker); ‘place’ (settlement) as well as suffixes –dom, -ly, -hood, -some that have French, Lation or Greek roots. The interest of this paper is to show American productive tendencies

Australian English compounding can be expressed with loan words, namely kangaroo. In particular, kangaroo dance (‘an Aboriginal dance with movements of kangaroo’), kangaroo jack (‘a heavy-duty lever- action device for lifting heavy objects’), and kangaroo route (‘the air route between Australia and London’).
The most noticeable phenomena of AusE can be observed in reduplication and she-compounds. Almost all nouns derived with -/i/ may be reduplicated in AusE: leggy-leggy, salty-salty. There are some connotation differences between leg, leggy and leggy-leggy. The first one is more neutral, the second carries a hypocoristic implication, and the third one is intensified through reduplication. Reduplication is also very common for plant and animal names, as well as for terms describing aboriginal life, for instance, bandy-bandy (‘name of a snake’), mia-mia (‘Aboriginal’s hut’) or willy-willy (‘localized small whirlwind’). Another type of reduplication, namely rhyming reduplication, is described in the words bush bash (‘a motorcar race through the bush’); hooly dooley (‘an exclamation of surprise like my

Nowadays this pattern is still productive only in AmE and AusE. According to Marchand (1960: 29) this type of compounding is used either for animals as in she-wolf, or a person she-teacher. However, in Australian English it is clearly seen with the names of plants and trees, for example: she-pine, she-teak, she-ironbark meaning the trees that has long leaves, spare of foliage and being in shadow.
3.2.3. Other types of word-formation
Another type of word-formation can be depicted from clipping that was also described with the examples based on suffixation, as mossy ‘mosquito’, lippy ‘lipstick’, barbie ‘barbecue’ or Crissie ‘Christmas’.
Besides, particular attention should be payed to Australian blending like budtender (marijuana bud and bartender), slacktivism (slacker and activism).
Conversion or zero-derivation of words of AusE should be highlighted. Some examples of verbs to nouns conversion are depicted from piss ‘beer’, blow ‘a rest after a physical work’ as well as nouns to verbs: bag ‘to