Prokaryotes And Eukaryotes Essay
The following are a list of the primary differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes DNA replication. The numbering schema links them together.
Prokaryote
1. one circular chromosome.
2. Chromosome in cytoplasm.
3. Single origin of replication
4. Single replication bubble
5. Duplication can happens at 1000 base pairs / sec
6. Okasaki fragments longer 1000 base pair long
7. More mutations.
8. Circular chromosomes don’t need telomeras (no loose ends)
Eukaryote
1. multiple chromosomes coiled around histones (need to be coiled and uncoiled.
2. Chromosomes in Nucleus.
3. Multiple origins of replication
4. multiple replication bubbles.
5. Speed 50 base pairs / sec
6. Okasaki fragments shorter 100 base pair long.
7. Fewer mutations
8. Telomeras
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Different cells in a body behave differently even though they have the same genetic makeup. This is accomplished because only those DNA sequences on the surface of the tightly grouped genes are expressed. Having them packed into a nucleus makes his possible.
3-4. Multiple origins / bubbles of replication are needed since eukaryotes have multiple chromosomes. Additionally, overall speed of replication is improved (multi-tasked)
5-7. Shorter Okasaki frames slows down the duplication process allowing more time for errors in duplication to be detected and corrected, thus reducing the chances of mutations.
8. Without telomeras the last code in the DNA sequence would be cut off. Additionally, telomeras shortens with each successive replication whereupon mitosis is inhibited by the p52 enzyme. Consequently, specific organ tissue such as hearts and nerves stop growing when they reach the proper size, and it may also plays a role in determining the life span of eukaryotes.
Summary
Although Eukaryote and Prokaryotes share fundamental similarities in DNA replication, the evolution of cell membranes, multi-cellular organisms and sexual reproduction (meiosis) has introduced numerous adaptations in the replication of Eukaryote
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