Despite differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, there are several common features in their cell division processes. Replication of the DNA must occur. Segregation of the "original" and its "replica" follow. Cytokinesis ends the cell division process. Whether the cell was eukaryotic or prokaryotic, these basic events must occur. Prokaryotes are much simpler in their organization than are eukaryotes. There are a great many more organelles in eukaryotes, also more chromosomes. The usual method of prokaryote cell division is termed binary fission (The method by which bacteria reproduce. The circular DNA molecule is replicated; then the cell splits into two identical cells, each containing an exact copy of the original cell's DNA.). The
Anaphase occurs next in which the cell’s centromeres divide and the sister chromatids separate and move to the opposite sides of the cell. Then comes telophase in which the nuclear membrane begins to reform and the chromosome begin to decondense. Also the spindle fibers disappear. We end this
Unlike archaea and bacteria eukarya is the type of cell with a nucleus.
3. GROWTH AND CELL DIVISION OF PHYTOPLANKTON Phytoplanktons have diversity and are of both the types prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Cell division is the vital process for regeneration. Prokaryotic forms of phytoplankton which comes under domain bacteria divide by basic process of cell division like binary fission. Eukaryotic phytolanktons which comes under domain eukarya are divide by the process of mitosis.
The mitochondria divide by binary fission, (Toit, 2015)which is very similar to prokaryote cell division, while the eukaryotic cell divides by mitosis or meiosis (in gonad cells). In meiosis the embryo gets all of its mitochondria from the mother’s
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes each express their gene regulation in differently. The structure of the the cells are not the same so the genes expression are not the same. Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes have things that are the same in their process of gene expression. Since prokaryote cell’s do not have a nucleus, gene expression happen in the cytoplasm for them. Prokaryotes genes are transcribed on the lac operon.
All eukaryotic cells are membrane-bound, containing cell organelles which are there for specific functions. The main two types of eukaryotic cell are animal and plant cells, which have some similar but some different cell organelles as they are needed for a range of different functions. They both share the organelles, the nucleus, plasma membrane, nucleolus, endoplasmic reticulum (rough and smooth), golgi body, lysosomes, mitochondria, ribosomes and cytoplasm. However plant eukaryotic cells contain chloroplasts and have a cell wall which animal cells don’t.
The process of cell division takes has many phases, but the most important part of the cell division makes sure that the genetic information is copied and passed on within every cell. The chromosomes divide, and duplicate themselves during the process of cell division. In eukaryotic cells, the cells create
Eukaryotic cells divide and reproduce in two ways: mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis is a process of nuclear division that chromosomes are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes. The purpose of mitosis is cell regeneration, growth, and asexual reproduction. Meiosis, on the other hand, is a special type of cell division which reduces the chromosome number by half. To achieve halving the genome, DNA replication is followed by two consecutive rounds of nuclear division during meiosis.
Referring back to the genetic code, even though prokaryotes and eukaryotes share the same genetic code, the genome possessed by eukaryotes is far more extensive and complicated than that of prokaryotes. Some mechanisms also contribute to a difference in the genetic model; focussing on the process of transcription - prokaryotes have a simpler method and they only utilize a single type of RNA polymerase, whereas in Eukaryotic cells there are three different types of RNA polymerases (pol I, pol II, pol III) specific to each group of RNA.This also plays a part in the far more complex nature and structure of eukaryotic cells. Extending on genetic differences, it is essential to make note of the difference in DNA structure. Differences are also evident in chromosomal structure, prokaryotes tend to have a simpler structure of a single loop of chromosome often referred to as the plasmid. Where as chromosomes in eukaryotes have a more linear shape and are arranged in multiples.
Prokaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells in numerous ways. Prokaryotes cells are less complicated than eukaryotes in fact prokaryotes do not have a nucleus, organelles, and like eukaryotes it does have DNA, but at its structure is circular in the nucleoid region. Eukaryotic cells have a linear structure for DNA, but unlike prokaryotes it does have organelles, a nucleus and it goes through exo- and endo- cytosis. With this in mind, eukaryotic cells aren’t simple at all comparing it prokaryotes in fact eukaryotes are larger than prokaryotes, they are about 10-100 micrometers while prokaryotes are about 1-5 micrometers .However, in plants which is a eukaryote and some prokaryotes have cell walls, but they are made at out completely different material for prokaryotes its peptidoglycan and for eukaryotes its cellulose.
The idea of cell division, mitosis and binary fission, are ideas that make me stop and think. Mitosis is a type of cell division that happens in cells with a nucleus, and ends in two identical daughter cells. Mitosis interests me because of how complex the process is. It is amazing how it goes through various stages without hardly ever a mistake, and ends with two identical daughter cells. Binary Fission is a type of cell division that happens in cells without a nucleus, and also ends with two identical cells.
Figure 1: Type of cells The fundamental organelles in eukaryotic cell include: mitochondrion that is the powerhouse of metabolism, generating energy by process of respiration in the form of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) .It has its own stranded DNA hence able to self-replicate itself and multiply to replace the worn out cells during process of respiration .The mitochondrion is sac-like in its structure. The cell membrane is an organelle with the ability to select permeable substances into the cell hence able to transport desired material into the cell. In prokaryotic cells, the cell membrane is made up of glycolipid and glycoprotein thus providing mechanical resistance to the cell by being the base of attachment for cytoskeleton in some organisms.
As we known that the cell represents the structural and functional unit in living organisms, human health of the health of its cells and that any defect in the work of the cell, if not cured by the body, lead to the occurrence of diseases may be deadly, such as cancer. To ensure this consistency, the cell contains a set of components that work in an orderly manner that allows the production of material necessary for cell survival and repair any errors . The Living organisms are classified according to their cell components into two large families: Prokaryote, organisms that are in the cell with a single cell and are simple in composition. The second type is eukaryote, organisms with more complex cells.
Bacteria multiplies itself in order to grow and reproduce. In fact the multiplication of bacteria is very straight forward cycle. The multiplication of bacteria begins when a single celled bacterium grows until it contains enough material for two separate bacteria. This is when the ‘parent’ bacteria splits into two bacteria’s, which are then called progeny.
I enjoyed reading your discussion post you gave good insight on prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Prokaryotic bacteria contains a lot more of biomass with plants along with elements in ecologies. Although some have pathogens, but a lot of prokaryotes are important to for life recurrence. Prokaryotes have metabolic than eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotes contain oxygen to establish organic molecules accessible repairing climatic nitrogen, which can form carbon to build organic molecules.