Colloidal particulate carriers such as liposome or niosomes have been widely employed in drug delivery systems and producing them from proniosomes provides them a distinctive advantage. These carriers can act as drug reservoirs and the rate of drug release can be controlled by modification of their composition. These lipid vesicles can carry both hydrophilic drugs (by encapsulation) and hydrophobic drugs (in lipid domain). Due of their capability to carry a variety of drugs, these lipid vesicles have been extensively used in various drug delivery systems like drug targeting controlled release and permeation enhancement of drugs But there remains certain draw backs to be addressed and can be avoided if they are prepared in dry form. Proniosomes are dry formulation of water soluble carrier particles that are coated with surfactant. and hydrated by agitation in hot water to form niosomes provide an alternative with prospective for drug delivery via the transdermal route.
Proniosomes an Overview
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Stability of dry Proniosomes is expected to be more stable than a premanufactured niosomal formulation. In release studies Proniosomes appear to be equivalent to conventional niosomes. Size distributions of Proniosomes derived niosomes are somewhat better that those of conventional niosomes so the release performance in more critical cases turns out to be superior Proniosomes are dry powder, which makes further processing and packaging possible. The powder form provides optimal flexibility, unit
Research has been with the fetal tissue for several kinds of diseases to help find a
Biology 3T Classes 19, 21 Mayr, “One Long Argument”, chapters 1-4, 6 Post your answers to these questions on Blackboard before Class 19 Chapter 1 • What did you find out about Darwin in this chapter? • Darwin believed that all life had a common origin. His areas of interest and expertise extended beyond evolution, from animal psychology to the study of barnacles. • Whose ideas influenced Darwin?
It is also able to cross the placenta and give temporary immunity to the fetus. IgM is also the circulating
Case Study 1 – The Endocrine System Christina D’Amico University of Saint Joseph Abstract A fifteen-year-old boy with many hormonal abnormalities starting at the age of eleven suffered from joint pain and swelling along with poor bone growth and development. He broke his left hip and had low levels of testosterone and high levels of growth hormone resulting in gigantism and later acromegaly.
Endometriosis While other women may have it easy to get impregnated or are making the decision to terminate their pregnancy, there are other women who are not able to have their own children. Some women decide to terminate their pregnancy based on social stigma or abusive situations. There are others who die trying to have a normal sex life and become pregnant. One of the most painful and dreadful moments is knowing that you cannot conceive a “seed” of your own. A common condition known in gynecology is endometriosis.
Gonad Experiment (from the first page’s diagram) Hypothesis: Exposure to atrazine during larval development causes abnormalities in the reproductive tissues of male frogs. (taken from diagram) Independent Variable: Atrazine exposure levels in parts per billion Levels: 0,0,1, and 25 ppb Dependent Variable: percentage of male frogs with gonadal abnormalities Control Group: Male African Clawed Frogs exposed to 0.0 ppb of atrazine Constants: same type of tadpoles, same tank environment (excluding atrazine) (ie. Temperature, light exposure etc.), same amount of tadpoles in each tank Vocal Structures
Amniocentesis is an alternative for PGD, it is a high risk process which sometimes leads to termination of pregnancy. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis is consider when one or both parents have a genetic abnormality and is at risk of transferring to their children. The process of preimplantation of genetic diagnosis removes a cell from an in virtro fertilization embryo for genetic testing. Affected embryos are not used for this process, only unaffected embryos are used to prevent the later termination or pregnancy.
c) Reproductive System: The reproductive system consists of three parts which include the clitellum, seminal vesicles, and seminal receptacles. The clitellum is a thick band that secretes a mucus cocoon. The seminal vesicles store worm's sperm and the seminal receptacles stores sperm from another worm. Together these three part reproduce a new worm.
Preparation of Polyaniline Solution. To obtain polyaniline solution, prepare 0.12M aniline solution by adding 2 ml of aniline into 200 ml of 1 M sulfuric acid. Start with 98% purity sulfuric acid, 10.8784 ml of 98% sulfuric acid is added to 200 ml distilled water to obtain 1 M sulfuric acid. 0.12 M aniline solution can be created by adding 2 ml of aniline and 200 ml of 1 M sulfuric acid. Refrigerated the solution for a night to let the polyaniline solution form nanotube structure.
Everyone is entitled to choose their own lifestyle, whether they want to have a child or not. Some females who seek to have children find it easy, although some are unfortunate. There are numerous of reasonings, such as being too old to be pregnant, damage to the Fallopian tube or uterus and cancer radiation or chemotherapy. As our generation goes on, many discoveries revolving biology is produced and one of it is the In Vitro Fertilization or “IVF”. It is the procedure of fertilization where they save sperm sample, take an egg from the women and physically combining it in a laboratory dish where the egg and the sperm is now called an embryo.
The endocrine system is such an important system to the body because it functions the bodies use of hormones. The body uses many different hormones and the endocrine system regulates these. When the glands of the endocrine system secrete the hormones, the hormones are put into the bloodstream to be sent to the different parts of the body. The glands that comprise the endocrine system are the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the pineal gland which are all located in the brain, the thyroid, parathyroid, and thymus which are located in the throat, the adrenals and pancreas which are located in the body’s midsection, and the ovaries (female) and testes (male) which are located in the pelvic region. The system is so important because it regulates the body’s metabolism, growth and sexual development, digestion, heart rate, and many of the other body functions regulated by hormones.
Sexual reproduction is most common type of reproduction among the plants and animals. They are of following types; 1) Syngamy: The fusion of gametes takes place completely, if male and female gametes are produced by same cell or organism and both gametes fuse together to form a zygote, this is called as Autogamy, paramecium is its example. Another is Anisogamy in which some organisms produce two types of gametes. Both types of gametes differ from each other in their shape and size and are known as an isogametes or heterogametes. Male gametes are motile and small in size and are known as micro gametes.
Artificial reproduction is the process in which new life is created in an unnatural way or in a synthetic environment. Artificial reproduction includes the process of fertility in an uncommon way. The process of synthetic fertility uses Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) to artificially create an organism. ART is a type of reproductive technology used in treatment in which the removal of eggs or sperm are manipulated to create a distinct being outside the body. There are several artificial reproduction/fertility methods that use ART such as: artificial insemination, test-tube fertilization, and surrogate motherhood.
Know the effective ways to fix your over pronation condition What is a Pronation? A Pronation is the natural movement of the foot that rolls inward when a person walks and runs. It assists the lower leg manage shock. Those who pronate more are referred to as overpronators, whereas who pronate less are known as underpronators. Although this is not awful in itself, it affects the way a person walks or runs and it may amplify the probability of getting knee pain.