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Propeller Design Essay

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Terms
Before starting any discussion about propellers, it is necessary to define some basic terms to avoid confusion and misunderstanding. A propeller is a rotating airfoil that consists of two or more blades attached to a central hub which is mounted on the engine crankshaft. The function of the propeller is to convert engine power to useful thrust. Propeller blades have a leading edge, trailing edge, a tip, a shank, a face, and a back as shown in Sub Module 17.2 "Propeller Construction" Figure
Blade angle is the angle between the propeller’s plane of rotation, and the chord line of the propeller airfoil.
Blade station is a reference position on a blade that is a specified distance from the center of the hub.
Pitch is the distance (in inches …show more content…

The blade element theory considers a propeller blade to be made of an infinite number of airfoil sections, with each section located a specific distance from the axis of rotation of the propeller. Each blade element travels at a different speed because of its distance from the centre of the hub, and to prevent the thrust from increasing along the length of the blade as its speed increases, the cross-sectional shape of the blade and its blade, or pitch, angle, vary from a thick, high pitch angle near the low-speed shank to a thin, low pitch angle at the high-speed tip. By using the blade element theory, a propeller designer can select the proper airfoil section and pitch angle to provide the optimum thrust distribution along the blade. This is named propeller twist. The thrust developed by a propeller is in accordance with Newton’s third law of motion. (For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction). In the case of a propeller, the first action is the acceleration of a mass of air to the rear of the aircraft. The reaction is that the airplane is pulled forward. Since the angle of a propeller blade varies along its length, a particular blade station must be chosen to specify the pitch of a blade. Rather than using blade angles at a reference station, some propeller manufacturers express pitch in inches at 75% of the radius. This is the geometric pitch, or the distance this particular element would move forward in one revolution along a helix, or spiral, equal to its blade

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