The Constitution is an essential document to not only the American judiciary system, but to American society as well. Though the document’s intended purpose is to protect the people, it has caused much controversy among them. The controversy arises in the argument of how the people should be interpreting the text of the Constitution. Originalists argue the text is meant to be interpreted in the literal sense, instrumentalists oppose this view arguing that the text of the Constitution is meant to be interpreted in relevance to today (adapted to modern times). This argument is discussed by Lawrence B. Solum in parts one and two of, “The Supreme Court in Bondage: Constitutional Stare Decisis, Legal Formalism, and the Future of Unenumerated Rights”. …show more content…
He does what he does best and writes about the disputes in this section of law. We learn that originalists listen to the text and only the text, and are found to be more conservative. Solum even uses the words interchangeably stating, “…precedents against conservative (originalist) constitutionalism...” (156). On the opposing side, we find instrumentalists who are found to be more liberal, and believe the text is meant to be adapted to the modern day and be a “living Constitution”. Solum states their beliefs as, “…reasoning about constitutional precedents should focus on policy or a balancing of relevant interests.” (156). The cause of this argument is the vagueness the framers created. Originalists say it exists so the text could not be changed and instrumentalists says it was purposeful so the document would be able to change with the eras and always remain relevant. Solum consequently titles this section, “Introduction: Contemporary Debates About Constitutional Stare …show more content…
He claimed that the characters were pictures of nature and needed to be interpreted into poetry as much. Much like originalists Fenollosa interpreted the text literally and only literally and need to be executed in the literal sense. He had stated, “…Chinese words are alive and plastic, because thing and action are not formally separated...”, sounding much like an originalist point of view. Once Fenollosa passed away, his wife passed his works down to Pound, a huge figure in the modernist movement. Pound interpreted the text as Fenollosa did, but instead of only sticking to the literal, Pound was simply inspired by the Chinese characters when it came to poetry. Much like instrumentalists, he understands the cold text, but modernizes it to make it relevant to the modern day. As Professor Williams had stated in lecture, “Pound modified Fenellosa’s essay from Buddhist into modern
The text also alluded to previous court cases, such as Marshall vs. Court and the National Back, where Congress was declared to having unconstitutional implementations, that were based on a loose structure. Summary Context and Point of View The Court had
Modern American society advocates for equality among all people, but these are just all talk and no true action taken upon word. Reporter Robert Barnes addresses this in his op-ed article titled “Supreme Court won’t check Maryland’s law banning sales of ‘assault weapons’”. By utilizing rhetorical strategies, Barnes conveys his message that even as we fight for equality, the dream will never occur with the prideful existence of class in the federal government. He appeals to the ethos-centered feeling in his audience, stating, “That court went further than other appellate courts that have reviewed similar laws [...]” (Barnes 5). His compromise between the central court and the state courts reflect the inferred views of the Supreme Court, that
In William Brennan’s view on the American Constitution he focused on human dignity to determine his interpretation. As he states in his essay, “But we are an aspiring people, a people with faith in progress. Our amended Constitution is the lodestar for our aspirations. Like every text worth reading, it is not crystalline.” (Brennan).
Conversely, in his opinion for the Marbury v. Madison case, Chief Justice John Marshall interpreted the power of judicial review expressed in the constitution differently. He understood the court’s ability to “strike down” legislation as the command of the majority, which was embedded in the Constitution (O’Brien 173). This essay will analyze the juxtaposition between Alexander Hamilton’s blueprint for the Supreme Court in Federalist No. 78 and Chief Justice John Marshall’s
Retired Supreme Court Justice John Paul Stevens sees the inherent injustices taking place in the United Stated due to the ambiguity of the Constitution. In his book titled Six Amendments: How and Why We Should Change the Constitution, former Justice Stevens discusses these problems, and proposes solutions to these constitutional controversies. Former Justice Stevens recounts a celebration for the fortieth anniversary of an organization formed to maintain friendly relations between Finland and the United States. While in the country, he was confronted with defending the United States’ continued use of the death penalty, an institution Finland has not participated in since 1825. His response, “our decisions upholding the constitutionality of
The major theme of the book “Judicial Tyranny: The New Kings of America?” by Mark I. Sutherland is the courts reaching pat their constitutionally delegated power and assuming a new role as legislators, even legislating in areas that Congress has no power in. Through the collected teachings and speeches contained within the book, Sutherland points out that basic freedoms, such as the freedom from legal restrictions on practicing religion guaranteed by the First Amendment, are currently under attack and have been for quite some time. From legal fallacies like the modern notion of “separation of church and state” to the all-out attack on the Bible in public, this book goes into detail as to what is being done and how it can be stopped. Sutherland
Justice Antonin Scalia made no apologies for his legal philosophy of “originalism,” despite opposition from other justices and the public. Scalia believed that the United States Constitution should strictly be interpreted in terms of what the founding fathers had meant for it when the Constitution was written. Scalia’s critics contended that the Constitution is a “living document,” therefore, it should allow the courts to take into consideration evolving viewpoints of society. I. Antonin Scalia: A brief overview of his law career beginning in 1961.
The federalist papers helped to shape the current government of The United States of America. This series of essays played a major role in the voting of the new constitution in 1787. These essays argued for the ratification of the new constitution against the articles of confederation, which were inevitably failing. The essays are a very important piece of US history, and present. They helped to create and form the US government that has been used for 230 years, and is still being used today.
When people think of how government works, unless they’ve taken a government class, they usually think of Congress making laws and the President doing pretty much everything else. No one pays much attention to the Supreme Court unless there is a landmark case or something else to grab the news — like the recent death of Justice Antonin Scalia. But the Supreme Court does much more than you’d think regarding keeping the political machine running like a well-oiled … machine. Through not only interpretation of the law, but also judicial activism, the Supreme Court shows it can have as much influence over the laws of the land as either of the other branches of the federal government. In this paper, I will analyze the decision-making methods of the Court using the cases of Gideon v. Wainwright and Betts v. Brady.
The structure of the book has placed it at the top of the reading list for aspiring law students. It effectively maps out the Supreme Court’s ruling history and also the crucial turning point of progressing American civil liberties. Robert F. Kennedy commented on Gideon’s perseverance stating, “If an obscure Florida convict named Clarence Earl Gideon had not sat down in prison with a pencil and paper to write a letter to the Supreme Court; and if the Supreme Court had not taken the trouble to look at the merits in that one crude petition among all the bundles of mail it must receive every day, the vast machinery of
Luis de Góngora is a 17th century baroque poet. He does not write poetry for the masses he only writes for the educated hierarchy. He ensures this by employing techniques such as culteranismo and conceptismo which are both evident in "Soneto CLXVI". The main themes evident in "Soneto CLXVI" are time and beauty and how beauty doesn 't last through time. Góngora often writes poetry which focuses on the "tempus fugit" or the "carpe diem" element of life and this poem is no different.
The U.S. Constitution is a Living Document Since society has changed dramatically between the eighteenth and twenty first century, the U.S Constitution should be considered as a living document because it is not applicable in today's society and therefore in need of some changes in order to fit into today’s society. When our founding fathers wrote the constitution they did not have in mind all the technological advancements the U.S. will one day have. Such as the internet, television, radio, and so on. Other’s will say that if the constitution was considered a living document then judges will take advantage and manipulate the constitution to their benefit, but they don’t realize that people already manipulate the constitution. There were laws that contradicted the constitution like the Judiciary Act of 1789, which contradicts Article III of the Constitution in the Marbury v. Madison case.
The Leonore Annenberg Institute for Civics video titled “Key Constitutional Concepts” explores the history of the creation of the United States Constitution in addition to key concepts crucial to the document. Two central themes explored in the video include the protection of personal rights and importance of checks and balances. The video strives to explain these concepts through Supreme Court cases Gideon v. Wainwright and Youngstown v. Sawyer. To begin, the video retraces the steps leading up to the Constitutional Convention in Virginia in 1787. It opens by explaining the conflict that led to the Revolutionary War and the fragility of the new nation.
Justice Thurgood Marshall Response Justice Thurgood Marshall said in his “Reflections on the Bicentennial of the United States Constitution”, “I do not believe the meaning of the Constitution was forever ‘fixed’ at the Philadelphia Convention. Nor do I find the wisdom, foresight, and sense of justice exhibited by the framers particularly profound. To the contrary, the government they devised was defective from the start, requiring several amendments, a civil war, and momentous social transformation to attain the system of constitutional government and its respect for the individual freedoms and human rights, that we hold as fundamental as today” (Marshall). In this passage of his essay, Judge Marshall is critical of the government that is
Nature is easily projected onto, as it allows for a sense of peacefulness and escapism. Due to its ability to evoke an emotional reaction from the masses, many writers have glorified it through various methods, including describing its endless beauty and utilizing it as a symbol for spirituality. Along with authors, artists also show great respect and admiration for nature through paintings of grandiose landscapes. These tributes disseminate a fixed interpretation of the natural world, one full of meaning and other worldly connections. In “Against Nature,” Joyce Carol Oates strips away this guise given to the environment and replaces it with a harsher reality.