LAWRENCE V. TEXAS: INSIDE THE DECRIMINALIZATION OF SODOMY The 14th Amendment guarantees equal treatment under the law, and it also ensures that the government should not deprive its citizens of life, liberty or property without due process. It is an important amendment, but a few questions still remain. Where do we draw the line of a law meeting or contravening the amendment? Are there some groups where this amendment doesn’t apply? The 2003 decision in Lawrence v. Texas showed just how big a loophole this amendment is. It tore down years of social norms, it erased public morality, and satisfied radical liberals who now push for the barring of any acknowledgement of Christianity in the public square. Even though the left aims for “coexistence”, …show more content…
The authorities did not find a violent situation, but they did find John Lawrence and Tyron Garner engaged in homosexual intercourse. The couple was charged with and convicted of sodomy. More undisputed facts include the argument with a jealous friend that led to the false alarm. Defendants’ counsel from Lambda Legal argued that the conviction was a violation of equal protection and due process, rights found in the 14th amendment. The case traveled all the way up to the Supreme Court, where a 6-3 decision overturned sodomy laws in every …show more content…
Hardwick. That case upheld the constitutionality of sodomy laws. Justice White wrote the court’s opinion, and in it he wrote “It is true that, despite the language of the Due Process Clauses of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments, which appears to focus only on the processes by which life, liberty, or property is taken,” (Bowers v. Hardwick). He went on to write “Even if the conduct at issue here is not a fundamental right, respondent asserts that there must be a rational basis for the law, and that there is none in this case other than the presumed belief of a majority of the electorate in Georgia that homosexual sodomy is immoral and unacceptable. This is said to be an inadequate rationale to support the law. The law, however, is constantly based on notions of morality, and if all laws representing essentially moral choices are to be invalidated under the Due Process Clause, the courts will be very busy indeed,” (Bowers v. Hardwick). This case was decided by the justices who acted as curators of the Constitution, and the words contained within. The Constitution says nothing about there being a right to commit sodomy, and the mentalities of the Founding Fathers enforce this. These cases are very similar. Like Lawrence, the Amendment in issue was the 14th. The Amendment, however, was interpreted differently in Lawrence. The ruling in Lawrence struck down the ruling in
#1). Why did the court in the Hargrave case (Text p. 173) find that Karen Hargrave was not, in fact, married to the decedent, Duval? Common-law marriages were statutorily abrogated in South Dakota in 1959 by an amendment to the SDCL 25-1-29. The ammended statute provided that any marriage contracted outside the jurisdiction of this state which is valid by the laws of the jurisdiction in which such marriage was contracted, is valid in this state.
In the cases of ‘Coker V. Georgia’ and ‘Kennedy V. Louisiana’ a very important question was brought up; does the death penalty constitute for cruel and unusual punishment in regards to the rape of an adult woman or child? Most people can attest to rape being one of the most egregious criminal acts, but how do we keep a fair punishment, and not lose sight of the reasoning in our eighth amendment in such cases? Case Information In the case of Coker V. Georgia, a man by the name of Ehrlich Coker, who was already imprisoned for multiple cases of rape among many other offenses, escaped prison and raped again along with several other unsavory acts. He was sentenced to death for his post-escape rape.
Leslie Gomez Hernandez v. Texas During the 1950 life for Mexicans was really difficult, they were not considered intelligent, they were considered invisible. They were not allowed in some parts like restaurants, movie theaters and other parts. But things changed by the early 20th century, they were now considered white by law, largely owning to the treaty’s grant of American citizenship. But still their status has citizens didn’t meant a lot.
In the discussion of the 8th amendment, this paper will examine: the history of the 8th amendment, the interpretations made by courts regarding 8th, and how the 8th affects us today. The Amendment first was ratified in 1791 along with the nine other amendments to form the bill of rights. The bill of rights is used to “lists specific prohibitions on governmental power.” (“Bill of Rights”). By doing this, the government has less power to not make the citizens feel like that even the government has to follow some sort of procedure and would stabilize the power the government has from having either too much or too little.
Before Roe filed a law suit challenging the Texas laws, all states had very authoritative laws that only allowed women (mostly) to have an abortion if the doctor believed they were endangered. During the trials the constitution, of course, was brought to the courts attention, to be specific the 9th and 14th amendments. The 9th amendment guarantees that the government would not infringe our natural rights, like freedom of speech, of religion, and self defense, etc. This also includes the right to bear children, the right to privacy, the right to pursue any occupation one desires, and the right to seek any medical treatment of ones choosing. The 14th amendment addresses many aspects such as citizenship, due process, privileges & immunities,
The open and concealed carry laws are really strong topics in the united states right now. Texas just gave their conceal carry carriers the right to open carry their weapon on their hip or in a shoulder holster. With that being said, all of the gun activist in Texas are rallying the open carry, not only are they setting the rallies but pro gun activist are rallying against them. The National Rifle acc. (NRA) have set out to rally for the open carry law, but they also know why people would be scared about the open carry.
Wade and its progeny recognizes, reflects the tenuous balance states have struck between their interests in protecting potential life and in protecting a woman’s constitutional right to privacy” (Pedone,
Roe vs. Wade is the highly publicized Supreme Court ruling that overturned a Texas interpretation of abortion law and made abortion legal in the United States. The Roe v. Wade decision held that a woman, with her doctor, has the right to choose abortion in earlier months of pregnancy without legal restriction, and with restrictions in later months, based on the right to privacy. As a result, all state laws that limited women 's access to abortions during the first trimester of pregnancy were invalidated by this particular case. State laws limiting such access during the second trimester were upheld only when the restrictions were for the purpose of protecting the health of the pregnant woman. Roe v. Wade legalized abortion in the greater United States, which was not legal at all in many states and was limited by law in others.
The reason why the court did this because the justice believes the state does have a reasonable reason for enforcing the law of rejecting abortion. It was a way to protect the health of the mother and the life of the baby. Even though it does not have an effect in the beginning; however, it gradually worsens as the baby grows older. D. Would the constitution accept women to have an abortion?
There are two distinct sides when it comes to whether or not the Texas constitution should be rewritten. There is the side that favors rewriting the constitution and those who oppose writing a new constitution. Each side has four very strong argument points they like to use when it comes to discussing the Texas Constitution. Those who favor rewriting the constitution say that our current document is unnecessarily long and completely outdated for today’s modern society. This argument holds true when we take into account that “The Texas Constitution is the second longest in the United States”.
There was recent talk about a petition calling for the secession of Texas from the United States. Although this movement never had any substance, it got many Americans wondering if Texas could actually secede, and that if it did, how it would fare on its own. Although Texas has the economy, resources and capital, geography, and population to be its own country, there are too many disadvantages the state would face if it decided to go solo. First and foremost would be the issue of Texas national security; Texas would have to create a national army from scratch and would have a weak defense in its first few years of existence. In addition to issues of security, Texas would have to deal with long-term resource management due to the fact that its main resource (oil) is not sustainable.
Once at the Texas Criminal Court, Lawrence and Garner’s attorney from Lambda Legal stated that the law adopted by the Texas Penal Code was going against the Fourteenth Amendment which guaranteed equal protection because it allowed sodomy between heterosexual couples but not homosexual couples. The attorney also argued that the Supreme Court’s decision on Bowers v. Hardwick, which claimed that no privacy protection between same-gendered couples having consensual sex was needed, was wrongly decided. The judge of the Texas Criminal Court decided to fine both males $200 because they pleaded “no contest” and the judge also denied dismissal of the defenses’ motion. Lawrence and Garner then took it up to the Fourteenth Court of Appeals who found that the Texas law was unconstitutional in a 2-1 vote. The Court of Appeals then decided to review the case en banc without hearing any oral arguments and did not agree with the Fourteenth Court of Appeals claiming that the law was indeed constitutional in a 7-2 vote.
McCreary v. ACLU of Kentucky (2005) was a case that was presented to the supreme court. The issue at hand was that two Kentucky county courthouses displayed the 10 commandments publicly. As a result, the American Civil Liberties Union argued that this religious display violated the first 10 amendments of the Establishment Clause and sued the counties. After that, the courthouse continued to post not one but two displays alongside with the 10 commandments relating to their reasoning assuring the citizens to be on the same page with them. Which according to law, the government must not in any way favor one religion over another, moreover in this case the displays clearly violated the Establishment Clause because they were presented with texts-scriptures from the Bible involving in a particular promotion of Christian religion.
Although the thirteenth amendment, abolished slavery, rights for black weren’t all of a sudden made equal. In the early twentieth century, African Americans in the South and in many parts of nearby border states were banned from associating with whites in a host of institutions and public accommodations such as school, hospitals, waiting rooms, railroad car, and more (Patterson par.1). Eventually facilities were desegregated. However, that does not mean life for all was fairly equal. People began to accepted having a blend of races where ever they go, but when it came to blending sexually, that turned some individuals’ stomachs upside down.
A constitution is the fundamental law by which a nation or a state is governed and organized. It establishes the framework of government, delegates the powers and duties of governmental bodies, and defines the relationship between the government and their citizens. Texas current constitution was adopted in 1876, and since then Texas voters have approved more than 467 amendments to this document. The word “amendment” is defined as the act or process of changing the words or the meaning of a law or document (constitution). Throughout this essay I will explain the rules for amending the Texas Constitution, the attempts made at constitutional reforms during the 1970s, explain why constitutional reforms were attempted and why it ultimately failed.