Pros And Cons Of Stem Cell Research

The major functions of mitosis are to repair and replace cells, and to maintain growth and development. Mitosis is frequently known for cell division and reproduction, while cancer is known to be a process of uncontrollable cell division. During mitosis, before progression through the next stage of the cell cycle, cells need to safely pass checkpoints to ensure that the DNA is ready for replication. If the DNA is damaged, apoptosis will occur and the cells will kill themselves off. Unfortunately for cancer these cells do not die off, and they bypass all of the checkpoints.

These proteins are known as ‘Id proteins’ which are highly abundant in the cells of many different types of cancer, including brain, breast cancer and paediatric tumours, and they are known to promote tumour growth and assist in the spread of cancer. While searching for ways to kill the Id cells, they discovered the surprising neuron-healing properties of Id proteins. Their initial findings, published in the Nature paper, found that an enzyme inside normal cells called APC is what usually degrades Id proteins soon after they're produced by normal cells, but cancerous cells show a very high level of Id proteins. They also examined the Id protein potential for promoting growth, so they are attempting to use the power of Id proteins to stimulate growth of axons, which are the structures on neurons responsible for transmitting electrical signals between the brain and spinal cord. But to do this they needed to overcome the APC enzymes, which degrade the protein in normal cells.

It could be argued that morally, stem cells should not be used for regenerative medicine because stem cells need to be embryonic stem cells. These stem cells come from embryos from an in vitro fertilisation clinic whereby the fertilised egg was donated for scientific research purposes at the consent of the donor. (NIH Stem Cell Information Home Page, 2016) This can be morally incorrect as these embryos could have developed into foetuses and could have therefore been born and these may have potentially been people that would have been important to society. It can also be argued that the destruction of foetuses is against many religious beliefs and theses stem cells are morally wrong to

Some of their clinics; fetal tissues will only be used for scientific research. Planned Parenthood believes the videos were edited to go against their abortion program, and denies any sort of payment from the fetal tissues sold. If payments were received to the organization, it was done legally for reimbursement of costs. The organization is in the process of more policies to advance attacks against Planned Parenthood. The videos were shown on the internet, television, and Republicans responded and took control of the issues.

According to the World Health Organization, genetic disorders affect one in every twenty-five children born worldwide. We humans, along with all other known organisms, possess genes in our cells that determine everything about how we look and function. Occasionally, an organism may inherit a faulty gene, causing it to have one or several detrimental characteristics known as genetic disorders. This may also occur due to environmental factors that the organism is exposed to, such as ultraviolet radiation, which damage its genes and cause alterations in them when they repair. The recent discovery of CRISPR-Cas9, or simply CRISPR, a defense system against viruses in bacteria, has presented the possibility of gene-editing in a way that is faster,

He also states this claim, “Humanity would take control of its own evolution and kick it into overdrive” (Hayes) which was the need for a policy by giving examples of what can occur or happen if a child is genetically engineered. He backs up/supports his claim by giving examples of the progress made by us in the genetic engineering field. He talks about the discovery of the 5-HTT for reducing the risk of depression and the DAF-2 gene variant which double the lifespan of nematode worm which, if successfully applied to humans, will double our life span (Hayes). His warrant of his claim was that he makes his paper very sound and attractive to the audience or readers. Hayes also passes across that parents want their children to be the best of the

Pros for superhumans is that the mutations can enhance cosmetics and athleticism and can also prevent diseases. Superhuman powers can evolve to grow immunity to certain illnesses. Cons for superhumans is that it can endanger people’s safety and well-being if they decide to go along with genetic mutation or gene therapy. In conclusion, we believe that superhumans are an advancement in science. Superhumans can help science create new drugs to make other

Not all of the stem cells are controversial. Mostly the only one that people don’t approve of is the Embryonic Stem cell transplant. Embryonic Stem Cell Research is when scientist take cells from aborted fetuses or fertilized eggs and use then for medical research purposes. This causes controversy because it is against most people 's religion to get abortions. Even if it not against their religion, some people still do not like the idea of taking stem cells from aborted babies and putting them into sick people.

HeLa cells have allowed scientists to study cells in a more detailed way and gather information about cells impossible before HeLa. One contribution made by studying HeLa was the knowledge of how many chromosomes normal human cells have. This knowledge has allowed scientists to better understand and treat diseases and disorders that deal with irregular numbers of chromosomes. Many findings that help scientists better understand cells have been made with the help of HeLa. Key Idea 2: Medical Field Many of the findings

Many ethicists argue that “the availability of sex selection will lead to potential sex discrimination against women in society” (Ghose). Controlling the outcome and future of a child may also potentially set up tyrannical expectations over what the child will do or become. This also raises the question of how morals will even matter. There is much controversy on how individuality matters when someone could easily manipulate their child into what they want. A 2015 article in the journal, Nature, states that “a number of countries, including the United States, restrict or ban genetic modification of human embryos” (Belluck) whereas other countries have guidelines and regulations.

Thus stem cells have the potential to cure a large number of diseases and physical ailments such as diabetes, Parkinson’s, spinal cord injury, heart disease, and many more. Stem cells have the power to save many lives without harming anyone, hence following the principle of maximizing benefits and minimizing harm. This principle is proven when the stakeholders are considered. The first stake holders are the donors. Donors are usually females who opt for in vitro fertilization of egg.

Embryonic stem cells are the cells which potentially provide life to a blastocyst and lead to the creation of a fetus, or baby. Recently there have been many experiments conducted to extract embryonic stem cells from the blastocyst. With this new research, has also come a huge controversy. Although embryonic stem cell research is practiced with good intents and is designed to find cures for people already suffering or living a limited lifestyle due to health disabilities, what is not always mentioned is that another human’s life is being destroyed in the process. These innocent babies, whether it be considered legal or not, are being plucked from their mother’s womb to be used for nothing more than a science experiment.

It is later proven that the study of Virology is the cause of scientists advanced experimentation with cancer and expanded their boarders with the topic. Without HeLa cells, half of the human race would have been extinct and scientists research would not be as advanced as it is today. HeLa cells have caused science to be impacted by being able to retain information through research and expand their philosophy on science. The scientific information presented is important to everyday comprehension which benefits the health of the human race. Imagine living in a world where HeLa cells are