The information age is quickly revolutionizing the way transactions are completed. Everyday actions are increasingly being handled electronically, instead of with pencil and paper or face to face. This growth in electronic transactions has resulted in a greater demand for fast and accurate user identification and authentication. Access codes for buildings, banks accounts and computer systems often use PIN's for identification and security clearances. Using the proper PIN gains access, but the user of the PIN is not verified. When credit and ATM cards are lost or stolen, an unauthorized user can often come up with the correct personal codes. Despite warning, many people continue to choose easily guessed …show more content…
1.2 THE FACE: The face is an important part of who you are and how people identify you. Except in the case of identical twins, the face is arguably a person's most unique physical characteristics. While humans have the innate ability to recognize and distinguish different faces for millions of years, computers are just now catching up. For face recognition there are two types of comparisons .the first is verification. This is where the system compares the given individual with who that individual says they are and gives a yes or no decision. The second is identification. This is where the system compares the given individual to all the other individuals in the database and gives a ranked list of matches. All identification or authentication technologies operate using the following four stages:
· Capture: a physical or behavioral sample is captured by the system during enrollment and also in identification or verification
Voter ID laws are two sided, but most Americans feel that it is necessary to prevent voter fraud. Republicans feel that an individual should already have a state ID because this is required by so many government agencies. Unfortunately, the Democrats are the ones to be most likely affected due to their voters’ economic status, disabilities and age. Whereas, Democrats believe that it is a tactic to defer their supporters from voting.
In todays current society, the Federal Constitution provides that the times, places, and manner of holding elections for Senators and Representatives is prescribed in each state by the state legislature. Congress is allowed to grant power by holding elections, which is where power is matched, by the state to control over the election process for state offices. Overall, state qualifications to vote are set by the states, subject to certain restrictions in the Constitution and its Amendments and the authority of the federal government in enforcing the Fifteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause. The authority has limits based in the Constitution and its Amendments. States may not use certain factors in determining qualification.
Written Task 2 Racial profiling as defined by the National Institute of Justice is “a practice that targets people for suspicion of crime based on their race, ethnicity, religion or national origin” (National Institute of Justice). There are two different kinds of racial profiling according to the primary text. There is what can be called "Hard" profiling, that sees race as the only factor in assessing criminal suspiciousness.
Voting means the right to choose and not being deprived of same on the basis of some kind of identity. In the recent years, state legislatures have implemented a law “Voter Identification”. These laws make the voters to show a proper identification card provided by the state that can identify the voter. In most of the cases the voter identification even requires a photo.
Racial profiling has become a national issue starting in 2015 (“Racial”). Judging someone for their race has been a problem ever since a minority group has been noticed. Racial profiling has spread over all over the world. Racial profiling has been a problem through the years, if the human race can learn what racial profiling is, advantages of the profiling, and the disadvantages.
The act of “Stop and Frisk” began in the early 1900’s when crime rates began to escalate in major cities such as New York, Chicago, and Philadelphia. Stop, question, and frisk, or SQF, is an urban policing measure that involves the large-scale deployment of officers in public spaces (e.g., sidewalks, alleys, the communal outdoor spaces of public housing) tasked with conducting frequent investigative stops (Huq, A. Z. (2017). In the articles provided, it is questioned whether New York’s stop and frisk policy is constitutional or not. I agree with the court's ruling, I believe Judge Scheindlin seemed too involved. “Judge Shira A. Scheindlin, the appeals court said, jeopardized "the appearance of partiality ... by a series of media interviews and public statements purporting to respond publicly to criticism of the District Court”
Should All Police Officers Wear Body Cameras? Surely everyone has wondered about the accountability of police officers, but maybe this will no longer be an issue. With the help of police body cameras, officers will be accountable for the good they do, and in some situations the awful actions. Although police body cameras would be a moral idea, there are some downsides. The body cameras could be seen as an invasion of privacy, as they would record everyday behavior for police officers, which is not necessary to record.
Should Voter ID Laws Be Eliminated? When individuals vote on voting day the one rule to vote, one must bring with them is an ID. Examples of an ID are driver license, California ID, or a passport. The main reason a person should bring an ID with them is too avoid voter fraud.
Many people believe that the face provides information about a person's life and
Fingerprinting is method based on the uniqueness of the skin pattern - that is, each person has a completely individual pattern of papillary lines. These patterns do not change throughout life and have the property of recovering from damage to the skin in its previous form. On the one hand, this method almost completely eliminates the mistake, and on the other hand it is very cheap and easy to use (in contrast the method of identification of a person by DNA). Fingerprinting allows: 1) to identify the person who left the prints, according to the general and particular features of the papillary pattern displayed on them; 2) to exclude individual from among those who have touched the object; 3) to narrow the group of individuals suspected of the particular crime (for instance, provided that the imprint shows traces of a scar, a burn, a wart or some other distinctive feature).
The authentication of Biometrics (i.e. the real authentication) which is used for identification and controlling the access which can be applied in the computer science. It is can be used in groups to identify the individuals under the surveillance. Biometric identifiers are used to labels the characteristics which can be measurable, the distinctive, and to describe the individuals. Biometric identifiers are being often categorized as behavioral versus physiological characteristics. Physiological are related to define the characteristics and the structure of the body.
People claim that nowadays they are living in surveillance society because Big Brother in twenty first century is keeping a close eye on people’s daily life. If so what is the meaning of Big Brother? The word Big Brother first introduced in George Orwell’s book named 1984. He said that “Big Brother is Watching You. ”(George Orwell, published year).
Biometric face recognition technology has received significant attention in the past several years to use human face as a key to security. Both law enforcement and non-law enforcement are its application. Face recognition system comprises of two Categories: verification and identification. Face Verification is Done in 1:1 match ratio. It is utilized to looks at a face pictures against a Template face pictures, whose identity being claimed.
Credit card fraud is a type of identity theft where a hacker steals the credit card information of a user to purchase something or withdrawing money from banks. It’s a critical crime in United States (Sayles, 2012). Everything is online now from paying bills to online purchase, a user can do anything without going anywhere physically. Even user can open a financial account. Because of this criminal can hack the user’s personal information like name, date of birth, social security number.
Areas of future use contain Internet transactions, workstation and network access, telephone transactions and in travel and tourism. There have different types of biometrics: Some are old or others are latest technology. The most recognized biometric technologies are fingerprinting, retinal scanning,hand geometry, signature verification, voice recognition, iris scanning and facial