Essay On Protease

Protein self-association can be triggered by chemical transformations; it is also sensitive to physical parameters such as temperature and pressure. Moreover, it is strongly affected by changes in the properties of the medium, such as, pH, the electrolyte concentration, and the presence of co solvents or additives (Stenstan et al.

Enzymes speed up chemical reactions enabling more products to be formed within a shorter span of time. Enzymes are fragile and easily disrupted by heat or other mild treatment. Studying the effect of temperature and substrate concentration on enzyme concentration allows better understanding of optimum conditions which enzymes can function. An example of an enzyme catalyzed reaction is enzymatic hydrolysis of an artificial substrate, o-Nitrophenylgalactoside (ONPG) used in place of lactose. Upon hydrolysis by B-galactosidase, a yellow colored compound o-Nitrophenol (ONP) is formed.

The enzyme found in different conditions which its specific reaction rate. Variation in enzyme concentration, variation in pH, variation in temperature, and the effect of different concentrations of inhibitors were all tested. The enzyme concentration increased the reaction rate. An optimum pH and temperature were found for the enzyme, outside of this optimum the reaction rate would be lower. The correct name is the catalase enzyme.

Catalase and Temperature Introduction Background: Enzymes are catalysts which help reactions inside of organisms such as cells. Many different types of enzymes are used to catalyze different types of reactions. Enzymes are able to catalyze reactions that normally wouldn’t be possible under the specific circumstances in the cell such as the pressure or temperature of the cell. The way an enzyme works is it binds with the active site of a substrate and creates an enzyme substrate complex. The enzyme then breaks apart the bonds in a substrate and then leaves unchanged after the reaction.

Objective: The purpose of this experiment is to determine the changes in activity level (if any) when enzymes are exposed to a variety of environments (in this case, temperature). Introduction: Enzymes are made up of a series of proteins known as amino acids. Enzymes are essential in almost all aspects of life.

In this practical, the enzyme that will be used for experimentation purposes is catalase. This molecule is usually found in animal and potato cells, and a substantial amount can be found in any potato extract. The substrate that will be catalyzed is hydrogen peroxide (H2O2,), a common but toxic end product of our metabolism, and highly dangerous if accumulated in the body and not decomposed. It can damage cells if it is not removed.

The effect of pH on the speed of enzyme interaction with substrate chemicals Hypothesis: About pH: If the pH level is less than 5, then the speed of the enzyme reaction will be slower. About temperature: If the temperature stays the same, then the speed of the enzyme reaction will not be completely affected. Background information: The function of enzymes is to speed up the biochemical reaction by lowering the activation energy, they do this by colliding with the substrate.

These are particularly noteworthy in Mountain Dew, which, in two of the five trials, resulted in a mass gain of the teeth. This is also present in Trial 2 of the Pepsi. It was first assumed that the mass gain was due to the mass of the soft drink still on the marble chips, but after measuring them again the next day after allowing them to dry out, this theory was not supported. It is more likely that the initial mass of the marble chips were incorrectly noted, which resulted in incorrect data. Furthermore, both Coke and Fanta had a drastic difference in their highest and lowest percentage mass loss, with Coke’s greatest difference at 9.23% and Fanta’s at 8.18%.

So author write how we can reduce sugar consumption. “Over the past 50 years, consumption of sugar has tripled worldwide.” Lustig use this to support claims. I think it cannot be the supporting. Lustig want people know negative health effects of today’s sugar consumption.

Why do we put so much stress on abnormal sperms? Does it have any social impact on an individual? Abnormal sperm are usually found in abundance and are highly motile, and since it is not of the normal physiology, it fails to fertilize the egg. Although there are no problems with movement, it can reach the destination fallopian tube with ease but cannot fertilize the egg. Having such sperm is no worse than having no sperm.

Of course, the various sources of error have affected the results from this lab. Since the initial mass of eggs used was different for each group, the experimenters had to find the percent change in mass to keep the results constant. To conclude, when the eggs were placed in a corn syrup solution with more solute, their masses steadily decreased. The inside of the eggs have a lower solute concentration than the corn syrup solution outside the cell. Water within the eggs flow outwards through the membrane to the syrup solution, decreasing the solute concentration.

In the same manor as the temperature decreases it slows down the enzymes not allowing them to break down the solution in a timely matter. The amount of pH in the solution didn’t match the hypothesis for this experiment. The fastest absorption rate of the enzymes was at the pH level 7 which was predicted to be the slowest rate. It absorbed the most at the pH level because it was at a neutral, not being to acidic which would slow down the enzyme break down. From this experiment it shows that the highest concentration of enzymes is what gives the fastest rate of enzyme absorption.

Because this pH was too acidic in comparison to its optimal range, the enzyme began to denture and was rendered inactive. As the pH grew closer to the optimal pH range, the reaction rates began to drastically increase, which is shown through the results provided from pH 3, 6, 7, and 8. However, pH 6, 7, and 8 were the most consecutively similar, and would therefore mean that the catalase optimum ranges from these three. From these levels, pH 8 provided the highest reaction rate of 59 mL/minute. From this data, it can be decided that this is the optimal level for the catalase.

Young people and adults struggle every day making life changing decisions, and the way that their skin feels and looks should not be one of those decisions. Research made by American Academy of Dermatology stated that “Acne is the most common skin condition in the United States, affecting up to 50 million Americans annually.” (American Academy of Dermatology) There are tons of products out in the market that promise radiant, glowing and clear looking skin; unfortunately, those products turn out to give minimal to no results. The acne cleansers have grown and evolved more than just a night wash scrub or daily facial cream.

The substances used during the experiment have some hazardous drawbacks. Some hazards of working with trans-cinnamic acid are skin, eye, and respiratory irritation (CINNAMIC ACID). This compound may be combustible at high temperatures. Some hazards of working with acetic acid severe skin burns and eye damage Acetic acid). This compound is combustible.