Proteases Research Paper

Protease is of commercial value and various industrial applications. They are widely used as detergent, in food, pharmaceutical and leather tanning industries [anshu gupta etal, 2007-2008]. The vast variety of proteases, with their specificity of their action and application has attracted worldwide attention to exploit their physiological as well as biotechnological applications [Antonelli etal 2012]. It has been considered as eco-friendly because the appropriate producers of these enzymes for commercial exploitation are non-toxic and non- pathogenic that are designated a safe [Gupta R etal 2002].

CLASSIFICATION OF PROTEASES
The physiological function of proteases is essential for all living organism, from viruses to humans and the enzymes

They have a two-domain structure, arising from ancestral duplication. Retroviral and retrotransposon proteases (retroviral aspartyl proteases) are much smaller and appear to be homologous to a single domain of the eukaryotic aspartyl proteases. Each domain contributes a catalytic Asp residue, with an extended active site cleft localized between the two lobes of the molecule. One lobe has probably evolved from the other through a gene duplication event in the distant past. In modern-day enzymes, although the three-dimensional structures are very similar, the amino acid sequences are more divergent, except for the catalytic site motif, which is very conserved. The presence and position of disulfide bridges are other conserved features of aspartic peptidases.
Glutamic proteases are a group of proteolytic enzymes containing a glutamic acid residue within the active site. This type of protease was first described in 2004 and became the sixth catalytic type of protease. Members of this group of protease had been previously assumed to be an aspartate protease, but structural determination showed it to belong to a novel protease family, the active site of which contains a catalytic dyad, glutamic acid (E) and glutamine (Q), which give rise to the name eqolisin. This group of proteases are found primarily in pathogenic fungi affecting plant and