Psychosocial Theory Of Erikson's Five Stages Of Development

Maltreatment has a severe impact on a child’s current and future functioning and development regarding their emotional, social, cognitive, behavioral, and physical wellbeing.(Frederico 345). Different types of abuse, such as physical, emotional, and sexual have different consequences, but the consequences of all maltreatment, are likely to happen in three stages. Firstly, a child may have an initial reaction such as post-traumatic symptoms, painful emotions, and cognitive distortions. Secondly, children develop coping strategies that are aimed to help increase their safety or reduce their pain. Thirdly, a child 's sense of self-worth is damaged and develop the feeling of shame and hopelessness..

Salinger also presents Holden in first person, which allows the reader to enter the fantasy world and suffering of which Holden is encountering. Salinger as the author, incorporates his own troubles into Holden's character, which connects the author and the protagonist. Salinger not only develops the story, but he also weaves in how Holden is different from most adolescents, especially through his behaviors. Yet, the novel includes how at an adolescent age, teens encounter much trouble and battles. Moreover, Salinger tries to show how if tragedies occur in your life, they can be very difficult to leave behind, but if you don’t move along, it can cause a mental disorder of depression and it further leads to an irreversible way of life, low self esteem, and self destructive

The Psychodynamic approach was created by Sigmund Freud, the theory is over 100 years old, Freud was interested in helping people, he mainly looked at the unconscious mind, he also looked at relationships and what the functions of our dreams are. Freud developed stages of development which consist of 8 stages, trust vs mistrust, autonomy vs shame, initiative vs guilt, industry vs inferiority, ego identity vs role confusion, intimacy vs isolation, generativity vs stagnation and ego integrity vs despair. His stages focus on the needs for healthy development at a certain age, and social crises. If someone accomplishes this then they develop a basic virtue which can then be used to work our crises in later life, failure can result in an inability

Although the affects that divorce has on a child differs depending on the child, and their unique circumstances, years of research continue to reveal the negative effects and influence it is has on children and the development of their personality. While it is not guaranteed that divorce will alter a child's personality, it does greatly increase the possibility. No matter what age a child is, divorce introduces a massive change into their life. Adjusting to this monumental life change can cause a child to suffer from symptoms of psychological distress, and emotional scars that could possibly last into adulthood.

Erikson was highly influenced by Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalytical Theory of Development. Although, at first Freud was limited to childhood based on the phallic stage, Erikson focused on developing a lifespan theory. The eight stages are as followed: Trust vs. Mistrust (infancy): The basic and fundamental psychological task is for infants to develop a sense that their needs will be met by the outside world. Is their caregiver responsive, reliable, and willing to meet their needs? That basic trust is facilitated by a responsive caregiver once an infant gets hungry, injured, or needs to be changed.

It is now too often the case industry conveys that information about mental disorders. While this education may be very beneficial in sensitizing populations to the mental health needs of children and adolescents it also holds the risk of distorted messages being conveyed to an anxious and needy populous, may limit the full potential of an appropriate diagnostic evaluation and limit the treatment options considered. Furthermore, oppression and domination are known to impact children and young adults in the foster care system. “Young people that are obstructed or prevented from becoming competent or from being able to communicate their opinions, desires, and emotions experienced a form of oppression” (Bruskas, Delilah, R.N., M.N. 2008).

Two major themes of family dynamics and childhood victimization are a constant thread found in juvenile delinquency research and literature. Specific family structures contribute to the likelihood of delinquency more than others. Nuclear, blended, parental cohabitation, single parent, and incarcerated parent family structures affect the incidences of juvenile delinquency to varying degrees. Adding one variable on top of others compounds the stressors that increase the probability of juvenile delinquency. Each style of the family unit has traits that alter the risk of delinquency.

The child behaviour changes and develops in a morally suitable way and adopt the values from his/her parents; new skills and knowledge. Lastly, the Genital stage (12 years and up). This is the last stage of the personality development where puberty begins. During this stage, if all other stages have been successfully achieved, the teenager develops an appropriative sexual behaviour that may lead into a loving relationship, marriage or child birth.

1. What do you know about the negative effects that isolation can have on families? The negative effects that isolation can have in a family are devastating. As it’s explained in our book, “Isolation has a number of negative effects on families.

This data is supplemented by Bowlby’s attachment theory, which expresses insecure attachment in infancy causes increased behavioral problems later in development (Carlson, 1998). By experiencing an unsafe environment as an infant, Erikson believed that the infant would grow up untrustworthy of others. Muhammad was faced with adversity as an infant. The adversity presented in his life challenged his personal and spiritual self-development. Other aspects such as geographic, economic, and familial conditions contributed to Muhammad ability to achieve success by handling cultural difficulties in the psychosocial realm.

German psychologist Erik Erikson developed the eight psychosocial stages to explain the maturation of humanbeings. In this theory, stage five spans from twelve to eighteen years old- or the period commonly known as adolescence. This stage is defined by a recurring sense of role confusion and changing identities. After this period ends, a definite identity is solidified and adulthood sets in.