PULMONARY OEDEMA Introduction Pulmonary oedema is defined as the build-up of fluid in the lungs usually due to Left ventricular failure and also a result of non-cardiogenic complications (Deepak, 2010). In this essay the three main causes of oedema will be explained, the pathophysiology, the intensity factors and the management in a pre-hospital setting. Causes of Pulmonary Oedema The two main causes of oedema are cardiogenic and non-cardiogenic. Cardiogenic pulmonary oedema is defined as the build-up of fluid in the lungs usually due to Heart failure. When the heart loses the ability to pump out blood to systemic circulation, it back flows into the pulmonary circulation. This causes the blood to build up in the pulmonary circulation causing …show more content…
The size of the embolus will determine how much of the pulmonary vascular system is affected and the seriousness of the pulmonary oedema (Peate, 2014). When a particular blood vessel is occluded, there will be an increase in hydrostatic and colloid pressure which will cause vascular permeability leading to blood moving into the interstitial space of the capillaries and alveolar via a concentration gradient (Peate, 2014). This will affect alveolar perfusion causing reduced oxygenation of pulmonary blood returning to the heart thus affecting myocardial and systemic …show more content…
Followed by the application of 12 lead electro cardiogram (ECG). It is important to determine whether it is cardiogenic or non-cardiogenic by doing primary and secondary survey. Glycerol trinitrate (vasodilator) to draw the fluid out of the lungs, aspirin (antiplatelet) to prevent or reduce platelet aggregation and flusemide (loop diuretic) that promotes the secretion of sodium and water are administered when a patient has cardiogenic pulmonary oedema. Whether the patient has cardiogenic or non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema the following procedures will apply, IPPV (Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation), PEEP (Positive end –expiratory pressure) and CPAP (Continuous positive airway pressure. Transport immediately to the nearest hospital and reassess every five minutes (Mursell,
This allow desaturated blood to shunt right to left side, causing desaturation in the left side of the heart and in the systemic circulation causing hypoxia and cyanosis. PULMONARY ATRESIA / PULMONARY STENOSIS Pulmonary Stenosis is the narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery causing right ventricular hypertrophy. Pulmonary Atresia is the severe form of pulmonary stenosis.
While auscultating sounds of lung fields no wheezing was found, and VS were within normal range for patient as determined through comparison of chartings on 10/23/2015 thru the morning and lunch VS of 10/26/ 2015 before impaired gas exchange was detected. 10/26/2015 2. Administer O2 @ 2L N/C
As a result, these patients can’t bring the carbon dioxide out, they become retain the carbon dioxide which makes it so hard for them to breathe
CC: Dyspnea. History of Present Illness: Mr. Hebert is a very pleasant 60-year-old gentleman who was referred from the Naval Shipyard clinic for the evaluation of dyspnea. At the present time, Mr. Hebert feels well, however throughout most of the summer, he stated he had been complaining of a persistent cold that manifested primarily with nonproductive cough, plus and minus wheezing but was most disturbed by his conversational dyspnea. He was prescribed Advair and found near immediate relief within three to four days.
Heart, lungs and the Rest of You By: Olivia Abel 1.Explain how the blood flows throughout your lungs, heart and the rest of your body. Heart: Your left and right side of your heart work together to pump blood to and throughout your body which is separated by muscular tissue called the septum. In the right side blood enters through two large vein which are the inferior and superior vena cava, emptying poor oxygen blood from the body to the right reticulum. When the left side enters from the pulmonary veins and empties oxygen rich blood from the lungs into the aorta going throughout the body.
The pleural space begins to fill causing the-the mediastinum to maneuver around, which can lead to disruption of the airflow and pulmonary circulation. Once the air circulation is disrupted the patient begins to compensate. Tension pneumothorax can be misleading if not realizing to symptoms. A patient with tension pneumothorax is going to have chest pain caused by the lung collapsing. The patient will experience respiratory distress causing the patient to breath faster because they are not getting the proper amount of oxygen, respiratory distress can lead to altered mental status and diminished breath
Summary: Prior to starting my research, I had a very rudimentary understanding of IPF. As I look at my research I am able to connect some of the pathophysiology to the tests that are usually performed for diagnosis. For example, the increase scarring and deposition of fibrotic tissue in the lung is seen as reticulonodular opacities on a chest x-ray. Additionally, the spirometry test results are consistent with my understanding of restrictive diseases and their effects on FEV1 and FVC. As far as the treatments go, Pirfenidone is an anti-fibrotic agent that inhibits collagen synthesis and slows the progression of the disease by reducing the amount of connective tissue deposition in the lungs.
Hypoxia: is the lack of adequate oxygen but hypoxic injury is due to low blood supply, which impacts the heart muscle (Huether & McCance, 2012, p. 63-65 ). After the cessation of blood supply to the heart muscle, the contraction stops due to decline in mitochondrial phosphorylation. This leads to low ATP production, which causes an increase in anaerobic metabolism, producing ATP from glycogen. Even when that is used up, the sodium and potassium pump on the plasma membrane and the sodium-calcium exchange fail to function. All of this causes cellular swelling and also lead to vacuolation, formation of vacuoles.
Background Information: Patient R.S. is a 78-year-old male with a background in accounting; his career prior to retirement 13 years ago as an accountant. R.S. was diagnosed with COPD, community acquired pneumonia, impaired gas exchange, TURP and shortness of breath. R.S. appeared to be worn out and exhausted, he was wearing the hospital gown, had a Foley catheter in, two PICC lines bilaterally in the antecubital area, air compression legs wraps bilaterally, and heart monitor and was also wearing oxygen. He was very friendly and cooperative with having to have his vitals taken, medication given, and bed bath done. R.S. spoke in a low, happy voice.
Pulmonary edema or congestion happens when the left ventricle of the heart fails. This is simply because the inefficiency of its ventricle to pump effectively causes the blood to back up to the pulmonary capillaries as the pulmonary venous blood rises its pressure into the tissues and alveoli impairing the gas exchange. Pulmonary congestion will be manifested in crackles, difficulty of breathing, frothy pink-tinged sputum and shortness of breath. In addition, the decreased amount of blood ejected from the left side causes ineffective tissue perfusion. This is detrimental to other vital organs such as the kidneys.
Imagining tests can help evaluate findings in the chest, a Lab test can be as simple as taking blood and determining the work of your oxygen in your blood, and Spiratory can be used to measure your lung capacity. Self-treatments can help reduce Emphysema by using a Bronchodilators, which helps relieve coughing and breathing, Inhaled steroids, and Antibiotics. To prevent Emphysema from worsening, stop or do not smoke or secondhand and wear a mask to avoid chemical pollution. Respiratory therapist plays a major role in lung diseases. They help contribute to analyzing breath, tissue, and blood specimens to determine levels of oxygen and
There is also a necessity to avoid venous stasis in the legs that may cause a pulmonary embolus. Head drop is more prevalent during this final stage of the disease and the patient’s ability to breath is also compromised. Breathing complications may require the use of a suction machine to assist the patient. Physical therapy techniques should be used to assist cardiopulmonary distress. Techniques include repositioning the patient so the body is able to exchange oxygen and blood adequately.
Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Pneumonia that is observed in patients in the ICU who have been placed on ventilators is called ventilator associated pneumonia. This secondary infection from nosocomial bacteria is known to be the second most common infection affecting around 27% of all patients classified as being critically ill (Koenig and Truwit 637) or even the most common at 30% (Kollef 627). The type of ventilator-associated pneumonia that occurs within 72 hours of intubation is called the early onset pneumonia, and usually caused by the aspiration during the process of intubation. This pneumonia is caused by an antibiotic sensitive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenza, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The late onset pneumonia that sets in after this period is usually resistant to pathogens such as
My patient is an 89 year old male; the patient will be referenced as WP. WP was admitted to Lutheran 3 East for a primary diagnosis of pneumonia. His health history consists of COPD, acute respiratory failure, chronic kidney disease, coronary artery disease, vascular dementia without behavioral disturbance, CAD, carotid artery disease, and hyperlipidemia. My client also has a permanent cardiac pacemaker and use hearing aids. He’s allergic to oxycodone and Vicodin.
While some mild cases can resolve on their own, there is a current treatment process and protocols for managing symptoms brought with the disease. When a pneumothorax is detected, immediate action must be taken as death can occur. In addition, reoccurrence of the disease is highly common. INTRODUCTION