When new reactants enter the PFR it is not diluted with the reaction mixture present in the reactor. The new reactants start to react in a way that can be described as a batch reactor. There is no axial mixing, so in effect the PFR can be described as ideal non-mixing. A batch reactor will just keep on reacting until the reaction mixture is removed and further processed. It is necessary to compare the conversion between a batch reactor and PFR.
One of the major advantage of heat pipe over other heat transfer devices is that we can transfer heat in large quantities through a small cross sectional areaand there is no additional energy input to the system. Other features are simplicity of design and easy manufacturing, very smallest temperature drop, and ability to transfer heat from end to end at various temperature ranges [5]. The ancestor of the heat pipe is the Perkins tube, which was given by the Perkin family from the the twentieth century through a series of patents in the United Kingdom. In perkins tube design, tubes are wickless and they are gravity assisted which are known as thermosyphons. In this design a closed tube having a small amount of water which is work as a working fluid.
A Linear relationship is obtained between log10 (η) and 1/T (Fig 2) with R2 value 0.991. The values of ∆E and η0 were found to be 2.55 × 104 J/Mol and 5.487 respectively. Similarly the values of ∆E and η0 for guar gum 2.57 × 104 J/Mol; 5.4 and xanthan gum 2.18 × 104 J/Mol; 4.542 were found to be and respectively. The temperature dependency of the viscosity of Lepidium sativum seed extract (2%) at 50 s-1 has been investigated and activation energy obtained was15.59 KJ/Mol (Karazhiyan et al., 2009). Also for high acyl gellan (0.05%) at 100 s-1, the activation energy obtained was 5.42 KJ/Mol (Huang et al., 2008).
This measurement is accurate to Dr. Wile’s description of the outcome. He said, “Metals have small specific heats, so it [the answer] should be less than 1 J/g˚C.” Calorimetry is the science of determining the changes in energy of a system by measuring the heat exchanged with the surroundings. Calorimetry experiments are performed in order to determine the heat flow between two substances and a calorimeter is used. A calorimeter is a device that is used to measure the amount of heat transferred to or from an object. The science of calorimetry is that the energy gained or lost by the water is equal to the energy lost or gained by the object.
Agglomeration by High shear wet granulation is achieved by introducing the binding liquid on to a shearing mass of powder to hold the fine particles together due to the adhesive action of the binder on their surface, or due to capillary and viscous action of the liquid solution [Ivenson et.al., (2001); Benali et.al, 2009] [1-2]. The driving force for the wet agglomeration process is the inter particle bond formed by liquid bridges (Saleh et.al. 2005) [3]. Wet granulation with liquid binder can be achieved in different types of mixers ranging from low shear granulators like tumbling drum, fluidized bed, spouted bed, High shear granulator or similar equipment’s (Benali et.al., 2009; Tardos et.al., 2005)[2,4]. The rate process of wet granulation
Effect of diluting solvent Different solvents such as water, methanol, ethanol and dimethylformamide were tried to dilute the reaction product after completion of the reaction. Experimental results showed that water gave the lowest RFI value, while the use of ethanol and dimethylformamide greatly improve the fluorescence intensity. However, the highest RFI value was achieved upon diluting with methanol, Table
INVESTIGATION OF THE WORKING PERFORMANCE OF THE NOVEL PHOSPHOROUS REMOVAL WITH PARTITIONABLE SPACE ENHANCED COAGULATION REACTOR Abstract: Phosphorus pollution is one of the main factors causing water eutrophication. In this study, the phosphorous removal efficiency of commonly used coagulation/flocculation aid, ferrous sulphate has been studied. A series of jar test was conducted to evaluate the pH, dosage and conditions (mixing and flocculation stirring speeds, durations, and settling times) required to achieve optimum waste capture. The dosage of coagulant and pH of solution play important roles in chemical phosphorus removal. The removal efficiency increases with increasing dosage and the optimum Fe/P ratio is 2.5 at which a removal above 90% has been
This is because the effect of viscosity relative to inertia which can represented by Reynolds number, the flow of fluid may be either laminar or turbulent. Heat transfer of heat exchanger will also be affected by viscosity as the heat transfer coefficient is related to flow of fluid [2] . Next, viscosity is important as its measurement are made in conjunction with product quality and efficiency. This can be seen in selection of pump as viscosity levels have obvious impact on pump type selection, efficiency, head capacity and warm-up. The power requirements for the pump increase due to high-viscosity liquids decrease a centrifugal pump’s efficiency and head performance [3].
Regarding velocity contour 70 mm model although the velocity at entry and exit are higher at the converter sections it was minimum. This shows that the sufficient time is available to trap the particulate matter and corresponding filtration efficiency is increased. 8.4. Experimentally calculated pressure drop Figure 10 Brake power Vs Pressure drop In CFD analysis catalytic converter with 70 mm diameter shows minimum backpressure, so that model was fabricated for experimental validation. The above figure 9 shows the value of backpressure with respective to brake power developed.
Graphite is non-inflammable and can be used up to a temperature range of 375degree Celsius, in the presence of air. While molybdenum disulphide is stable in air up to 400 degree Celsius. Fig 3: EXAMPLES OF SOLID LUBRICANTS Solid lubricants can be used both in the dry state and in the wet state, mixed with a solvent. If the solvent used is water, it is called as aqua dag which finds great applications in the packaging of food and other edible products as it prevents spoilage. But if the solvent used is oil, then the system is termed as oil dag which finds great use in the internal combustion