2.3.2.1 Push-Pull Theory Research on the outdoor recreation area by scholars found out that motivations is based on the terms of push and pull factors (e.g Jorgensen, 2002; Dann, 1977; Yuan & McDonald, 1990). As Uysal and Hagan (1993) indicated, push factor is motivation factors that influence people to visit somewhere and by doing it, individuals can get satisfaction. That is, according to Pearce and Caltabiano (1983), a motivation or a created desire to go to other place. More earlier research by Iso-Ahola (1982,1989) gave two fundamental dimensions of motivation based on leisure and tourism behaviour, they are escaping and seeking. Also he mentioned that those two dimensions can influence the leisure and tourism behaviour, it is the reason
Hull’s Drive Theory Clark Hull can be regarded as the first dominant motivational theorist. He formulated his general theory of motivation and related it with experimental psychology. He drew on ideas from a number of other thinkers including Charles Darwin, Ivan Pavlov, and John. B. Watson and Edward L. Thorndike. He based his theory around the concept of homeostasis, the idea that the body actively works to maintain a certain state of balance or equilibrium.
According to Manikandan & Rajamohan (2014) “Motivation can be described as the driving force within individuals that impels them to action”. As peoples motivation come into place decisions are formed and thus action is taken. One of the theories that help identify this theory is the push-pull theory. In order to effectively market a particular venue, it is indispensable to understand both push and pull factors and the relationship between them. Insight into the interaction of these two dimensions can help marketers and restaurant and hotel developers segment potential customer groups and determine the most successful coupling of push and pull factors.
The concepts derived from this short story are as follows. Pull & Push Factors of Acculturation, Acculturation Process, Family models, Freudian Psychoanalysts, Discrimination, Socialization and Sex vs. Gender. Pull & Push Factors of acculturation refers to factors either attract individuals to or pressure them to leave a society. Pull factors (Positive) refers to “greener pastures”, like employment opportunities, allowing one have a better life.
Hull’s Drive Theory Clark Hull can be regarded as the first dominant motivational theorist. He formulated his general theory of motivation and related it with experimental psychology. He drew on ideas from a number of other thinkers including Charles Darwin, Ivan Pavlov, and John. B. Watson and Edward L. Thorndike. He based his theory around the concept of homeostasis, the idea that the body actively works to maintain a certain state of balance or equilibrium.
Theoretical Implications The proposed model examines the influence of personal liking of the event, sports identification, perceived sincerity of the sponsor and the status of the event on event-sponsor fit and their linkages to attitude toward sponsor and purchase intention. Our findings support the theory that personal liking of the event, sports identification, perceived sincerity of the sponsor and the status of the event has a positive impact on event-sponsor fit and that fit impacts attitude toward sponsor, which has a positive influence on consumer purchase intentions. The hypothesis suggest that the response to a sponsorship will be affected by the attitude consumer hold toward the sponsor, toward the event, and by their perception of an event-sponsor fit. The survey found that the response is positive when consumers perceive in that respect is a fit between sponsor and event
1.0 Introduction Consumer behaviour research attempts to understand the buyer decision-making process, both individually and collectively. It studies individual consumer characteristics such as demographics and behavioural variables in an attempt to understand people’s wants. Consumer behaviour research allows for improved understanding and forecasting concerning not only the subject of purchases but also purchasing motives and purchasing frequency according to Schiffman and Kanuk (kanuk, 2007). For companies to attain commercial success, it is important that managers understand consumer behaviour. The relationship between consumer behaviour and marketing strategy is emphasised because the success of companies.
Status, conspicuous, susceptibility to normative influence and uniqueness values have a strong impact on customer buying decision of well-known brands (Ling, 2009). Subjective norms has strong influence on customer attitude and strongly influence customer buying behavior. For collectivistic culture, the customer is strongly influenced by the subjective norms than his own attitude. Also he considers what society says importance, is the thing who more important than his own evaluation. Also the customer influenced by subjective norms buys the luxury brands for imitate the peers from the same social class (Sanyal, Datta and Banerjee, 2014).
Most of the push factors are intrinsic motivators, such as the desire for escape, relaxation, prestige, and social interaction. Pull factors are those that emerge as a result of the attractiveness of a destination, which includes both tangible resources and travellers' perceptions and expectations, such as novelty, and benefit expectation ( Uysal & Jurowski, 1994). Traditionally, push factors have been thought useful for explaining the desire to select while pull factors have been thought useful for explaining the choice of what to select (Crompton, 1979). In this framework, pull-factors are interchangeable with hotel attributes and push-factors, refer to the elderly and EwPVH disabilities as a subject and deal with those factors driving them to select hotel accommodation as Dann (1977) argued. Further, push factors deal with tourist motivation itself and pull factors represent the specific attractions of the destination (Chien et al., 2012).
For the economy as a whole, demand pulled inflation refers to the price increases which results from an excess of demand over supply. It is a form of inflation and categorized by the four parts (households, businesses, governments and foreign buyers). When these parts want to purchase greater output than the economy can produce and we need more cash to buy the same amount of goods as before and the value of money falls, so they have to compete in order to purchase limited amounts of products and services. Generally, the demand-pulled inflation result from any factor that increases aggregate demand. Also, an increase in export and two factors controlled by the government are increases in the quantity of money and increases in government purchases