Quaternary Ammonium Salts Research Paper

SYNTHESIS, ANTIMICROBIAL EVALUATION, QSAR AND ANTI-MRSA STUDIES OF 4-AMINO / DIMETHYLAMINO / PYRROLIDINO / MORPHOLINO -1- ARYL / ALKYLPYRIDINIUM BROMIDE

1. INTRODUCTION
Pyridinium salts are considered as one of the categories of quaternary ammonium salts which are heterocyclic compounds having different functional groups (Madaan and Tyagi et al 2008). Pyridinium salts have wide range of therapeutic properties. Several well-known drugs contain pyridinium nucleus such as Cephaloridine, Pralidoxime, Pyridostigmine, Cefalonium, Stilbazium, Fazadinium etc, indicating the fact that pyridinium nucleus possess vast spectrum of biological activities. Pyridinium frame work plays an essential role in drug discovery and represents an interesting template

In current scenario, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is the public health problem of increasing magnitude due to the steady growth of the elderly and immunocompromised patients, and the emergence of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) bacterial strains. It was reported that MRSA is now endemic in India and the overall prevalence of methicillin-resistance during the study period from January 2008 to December 2009 was found to be 41%. MRSA is the serious concern not because of its sole resistance to methicillin, but also to the resistance of many commonly used antibiotics viz macrolides, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides etc. Some of these MRSA strains are resistant to even the most powerful antibiotics, including vancomycin (Ness 2010 and CDC 2008). The WHO has acknowledged the need to identify new antibiotics and new approaches to overcome the upcoming problems associated with such infectious agents (WHO 2004). The rapid and accurate diagnosis of antibiotic resistance genes in the treatment of staphylococcal infections is extremely important in preventing the spread of

The pyridinium compounds attract the attention of scientists, because they are found to be employed as the best antibacterial (Alptiziin et al 2009), antifungal (Ilangovan et al 2012), antimycobacterial (Kratky and Vinsova 2013), antiviral (Dorofeenko et al 1982), antitumoral (Brzozowski et al 2003), antiinflammatory (Joseph and Sujatha 2011), antihyperglycemic (Riggi et al 1968), antiarrhythmic (Dykstra 1976), antiAChE (Mancini et al 2004), antimalarial (Fujimoto et al 2006), antiulcer (Naruhito 1989) and hepatoprotective agents (Marcinek 2013). Several well-known drugs contain pyridinium nucleus such as Pyridostigmine, Cephaloridine, Pralidoxime, Cefalonium, Stilbazium, Fazadinium etc., signifying the fact that pyridinium nucleus possesses a vast spectrum of biological