On the other hand, Qaisra Shahraz is also a Diaspora writer who focuses on Pakistani women in both of her novels and her writing features can be compared with Bapsi Sidhwa. She was born in Pakistan and then she moved UK with her family. Shahraz also shows her strong association with her country through her writing. She unfolds the domestic issues of Pakistani women living in the West. She searches for women’s identity and explores the issues like cultural identity, sexual repression and victimization of women through her experience as a Diaspora writer. In her short story, A Pair of Jeans she points out the clash of Muslim values within the context of Western culture. In her interview with Munira Siddiqui (2011) concerning the publication and …show more content…
The diasporic identity has its own advantages… the abundance of experience Pakistani and Western… she redefines feminism for Pakistani society, call it Islamic feminism… her target is the agrarian system, some oppressive customs in Sindh and the subversion of Islam to serve one’s own interest (Siddiqui, 2011,p. 2).
As Spivak and Mohanty in post-colonial article on feminist studies and Colonial Discourse, Under Western Eyes (1993) have argued that women of the Third-World countries are portrayed as colonial stereotypes. “Stereotypes either depict Muslim women as exotic, oppressed and almost totally enslaved by men in Islam, or as defending the virtues of Islam and the status and rights accorded to women “(2005: 755). Spivak, in her essay, “Can Subaltern Speak?” has expressed her views regarding the colonized subjects including women:
To what extent did colonial power succeed in silencing the colonized? When we emphasize the destructive power of colonialism, do we necessarily position colonized people as victims, incapable of answering back? ... if we suggest that the colonial subjects can ‘speak’ and question colonial authority… in what voices do the colonized speak- their own, or in accents borrowed from their masters? … it is impossible for us to recover the voice of the ‘subaltern’ or oppressed subject (qtd in Loomba
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Following review offers a comparison between the contemporary Postcolonial writers including Kureishi, Nadeem Aslam and Monica- Ali. In Kureishi, it is noted that Islam is a book of rules that constrains human life. In Kureishi, Shahid is the protagonist who is temporarily attached to the fundamentalist Islam, finds it too constraining because it does not allow diversity in life. Thus instead of sticking to Islam, he moves on with his girlfriend to the so called life of liberation i.e. full of alcohol, drugs and sex (qtd. in Holmes, n,d. p. 296-13). Nadeem Aslam is both Pakistani and British and has grown up in the country of the former colonialists, therefore cannot be considered to be part of either; East or West. He is considered to be the part of both worlds. Like Nadeem Aslam, Monica Ali is also hybrid and ethnic in her cultural roots as she is the product of three different correlating societies; Bangladeshi and British, born in Pakistan, and grown up in a former region of British India and therefore cannot be considered to be part of one or the other, the east or the west. Robert Young regards hybridity as an influential term in imperial and colonial discourse. Young believes that hybridity has been seen as part of tendency of discourse analysis to de-historicise and delocate cultures from the temporal, spatial, geographical and linguistic context
Colonialism: Tragedy or Blessing? Although we may be too busy with our everyday lives to notice, much of our world is subjected to colonization. In “An American of Color” (1993) by Victor Villanueva and “Reading the Slender Body” (1993) by Susan Bordo, both authors analyze and discuss the effects colonization has on society, and argue that the colonized have begun to mimic or mirror the colonizers as well as becoming a subaltern or the lower rank. Villanueva and Bordo write about their experiences with postcolonialism and the impact it has on society, in which minorities and females are greatly affected.
After reading the book, “Race, Gender, and Punishment: From Colonialism to the War on Terror” by Mary Bosworth and Jeanne Flavin, they discuss what they feel are the four “sociohistorical processes (Bosworth, Flavin: 2)” of social control, these being colonialism, slavery, immigration, and globalization. The authors separate each of these into their own chapter for a certain reason, to show the treatment of colonized people. The book focuses on how “colonialism, like each of the factors that underpin this collection, operates both structurally…and ideologically through culture, and the construction of the imaginary. (Bosworth, Flavin: 3).” Stepping back to the days of slavery, race has been the worldwide pyramid of power, in which white/Caucasian
Left with no dignity or cultural identity, colonized people did not have the means to walk forward with pride (Doc
An original viewpoint on Islam, gender, and identity is found in Leila Ahmed's memoir, A Border Passage. Ahmed compares her experience with "women's Islam" throughout the book with the more formal "men's" Islam she encountered in Egypt throughout her upbringing. In this essay, two to three examples of these disparities will be seen, and I will discuss which interpretation of Islam is more accurate. The role of women in prayer is one instance of how men's and women's Islam differ from one another. Ahmed explains how women's Islam gave them the freedom to pray at home, in private, and without having to strictly abide by conventional Islamic laws.
Upon initial encounter, the apology is recognized but once the viewer becomes aware, Bennett has cleverly reconfigured and remixed the apology to reveal a prideful testimony of colonial intent, objective and execution. The remixed ‘un-apology’ makes it irresistible bait for an “ass whopping”, only Billy Jack could deliver which many intergenerational survivors would appreciate. The remix essentially exposes the colonialist project, which was “designed to colonize Indian minds as a means of gaining access to Indigenous resources.” In general, Bennett masterfully depicts colonial residues, the trans-generational violence of exploitation of land, resources and colonial subjugation. The medium of film and media work as an effective tool to create a dialogue between these characters of different decades, time and narrative is conflated and transcended the historical wrong doings that are felt today, the past influences the present and future, or in another’s words, “history is amendable, but knows no past, present and future; it knows no long or short time, no ‘long ago’ or ‘recently’ – as absolutely unique and nonconvertible moments”
The book deals with the history of Islam and provides arguments over the liberal interpretation of the religion. The book puts the blame on the Western imperialism and the self-serving misinterpretations of Islamic law by the past scholars for the controversies which are taking place within Islam. The work by Reza Aslan challenges the clash of civilizations. The book
Fitting in with class content, the text reinforces the fact that the colonial process was planned. The article places importance on telling the story of the survivors. Problematic at times, Graham attempts to invoke sympathy where sympathy is not granted. By emphasizing the fact some did not completely resent the schools Graham fails to see that the schools should not have been made in the first place. Albeit, the schools may not have been built on the intention of abuse but they were built on the planned destruction of a culture.
A. PREAMBLE The terrorist attack on September 11, 2001 has sparked intense curiosity and interest in the world especially the West to learn and investigate the religion of Islam. The Muslim people are portrayed as violent and barbaric, and Islam as oppressive and antithesis to human rights values. Thus, escalation of public opinion about Islam has encouraged debates and forums, and also stirred demonstrations and movements which have compelled the Muslims to speak out their minds and interpret and recast their texts viz. Quran and Sunnah of prophet Mohammad and even question and challenge the prevailing culture and practices, and domineering structures.
The postcolonial theory in international relations draws upon the existing writings of feminism, Marxism and post modernism. With its main focuses being gender, race and class and their relation to power (Chowdhry and Nair,
This highlights the importance of how these acts of cruelty Mariam and Laila faced; ‘fear of the goat, released in the tiger’s cage’ is what ultimately defines their inner feminist strength, ‘over the years/learned to harden’ which shows that Mariam and Laila’s past indirectly prepares them for The Taliban’s arrival. The Taliban take away the basic rights of Mariam and Laila ‘jewellery is forbidden’, but they fail to do so. Ironically, it is the society itself that gives them the strength and platform to strike back against Rasheed, who is a cruel, male-dominating character who symbolised and reinforced everything the term ‘anti-feminist’ stands
She explains the cruciality of transnational feminism, where it is dependent upon building solidarity across the divisions among women. Overall, Mohanty believes in illuminating the historical aspects of nations and how they led to the social construction of women. Mohanty’s text was exceedingly interesting to read since it expanded my perceptions
Discourse on colonialism generally results in the different opinions of the colonizer and the colonized. The upshot of such discourse shows that colonialism has divergent interpretations. For the colonizer, it is ‘a civilizing mission’; to the colonized, it is exploitation. Such concept is better understood when both the views are studied with an objective approach. Things Fall Apart is a perfect novel to study colonialism as it deals with the perspectives of the colonizer and the colonized.
At the heart of a person‘s life lies the struggle to define his self, to make sense of who he is? Diaspora represents the settling as well as unsettling process. While redesigning the geopolitical boundaries, cultural patterns, it has also reshaped the identities of the immigrants with new challenges confronting the immigrant in negotiating his identity. Diaspora becomes a site where past is given a new meaning and is preserved out of intense nostalgia and longing. The novel The Reluctant Fundamentalist by Mohsin Hamid is significant in its treatment of the issues faced by immigrants in the diaspora.
Even though Hall studies cultural relations, he did not have a long experience in his personal life that would give him the credible authority to depict Arabs and the way they behave. Thr author’s short term experience does not give his arguments the effectiveness to convince the reader about the stereotypical Arabs that he used to see. In the “Arab World”, Hall states that, “For an Arab, there is no such thing as an intrusion in public’. (1966). This statement was a generalization of all the Arab’s informal behavior only from the minority of Arabs that Hall was involved
This thesis consists of Hanif’s portrait of women and their marginalized positions in the society and economic, social and religious pride and prejudices towards women in Pakistani society which is an important theme of his novels. He belongs to those who are proof of that some people can tell the truth more comprehensively and authentically with fiction than facts. In his second novel Our Lady of Alice Bhatti (2012), he discusses the battle and determination of a woman fitting in with minority goes out in a patriarchal society and endures accordingly. In a male dominated society women in Pakistan are in lower position than men , they are always on the periphery, and are subordinated to men and are in debased positions both within the house and outside the house. Alam (2011) shows by her study that women’s unequal positions contrasted with men make them weaker both out in the open and private circles.