In the history of China, there are a lot of emperors to rule the country in different dynasty. China is a monarchy society in the past where the emperor has most of the power in their hand. The very first emperor who unified China is in the Qin dynasty called Qin Shi Huang. And the last emperor in the Chinese history is Puyi who also called Xuantong Emperor in the Qing dynasty.
It is suggested that the politics in China from the first emperor to the last one can best describe as paternalistic and deferential. Paternalistic is defined as the workers in an organization is well look after by the leader and the leader will make good decision and take responsibility for the workers by Cambridge dictionary. In a paternalistic leadership, there
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For example, unify the character used, burning of books and burying of scholars, building great wall. These are some of the policies which is hard for the officials to establish. The progress of these policies have brought some negative effect to the society, but they also trust and follow the order of the emperor and finally achieve the emperor’s expect. Li Si, one of the official of Qin Shi Huang show his loyalty to the emperor and make good suggestions to Qin Shi Huang. Zeng Guofan, the official of the late Qing dynasty. Although the Qing dynasty is nearly to be destroy by the foreigner and have serious corruption problem, he still show his loyalty to the emperor and give a lot of suggestions to the emperor in order to reorganize the court. Once Zeng’s subordinate suggest to support him to be the emperor and reform the government of the Qing dynasty and Zeng rejected them …show more content…
There are some exceptional cases in the Chinese history where the officials try to subvert the emperor’s control. The second emperor of Qin use a lot of resources on construction of his palace and collect heavy tax. The people start a revolution to against him. Finally Qin perish and Han dynasty begin. The same saturation applies to most of the dynasty, when the emperor have bad behavior some the revolution start and the dynasty come to the end and is the start of another dynasty. This act might define as not loyal to the emperor, but Confucianism accept this situation as it said when the emperor do not have ability to rule the country and bring positive effect to the society, the emperor do not have qualifications to be the emperor anymore. Therefore, when the people is going to against the emperor, they are just going to against a bad guy but not an
It says in TCI that the Han made improvements on the Chinese governments and they softened the harsh rules and brought back Confucianism into that government. It says in the text “The government of China during this time functioned as a bureaucracy. A bureaucracy is a large organization that operates using a fixed set of rules and conditions.” this shows that the government changed because of the Hans and for that better, with a bureaucracy it was strong and effective. During this time it says in the text that “They had many responsibilities, including overseeing the maintenance of roads and canals.”
We see in document 4 in the writings of the Chinese Philosopher, Han Fei, that leaders can not be selfish or else their empires will not run steadily and have the ability to expand without feuds between the people and the government. We see an example of this when Cicero, a powerful Roman politician, wanted to establish individual rights through the equal distribution of property (Doc 5). Both of these sources show that when a leader can control and unify an empire through their philosophies of leadership, then their empires will work steadily and how they intend them to. Because the empires are running smoothly, the people will be happier and able to expand their empires more efficiently. Also because political leaders have considerate beliefs for their people, their militaries will listen to them and be more
In late 1700s, Sin Hudam asserted, as ethical guidelines, Neo-Confucian moral obligations to the five hierarchal relationships are the basis for the nation in proper order. In the late 1800s, the Neo-Confucian cardinal virtues still remained as a source of innovation, self-definition, and structuring organization in Korea, based on which the elites and non-elites designed the reform agendas. In particular, Yi Hangno in 1866, Pak Yŏnghyo in 1888, and Chŏn Pongjun in 1895, identify the corruption of a relationship on trust between the ruler and the ruled as the evidence of the national decline. All three individuals believe prosperity, confidence, and peace of the nation depend on how the mutual relationships are reinforced in the political system. Therefore, Yi Hangno, Pak Yŏnghyo, and Chŏn Pongjun assert the replacement of the depraved officials with those who are qualified, in order to protect and strengthen Korea at a dangerous time of imperialist encroachments; although each agenda differs in degree of
This kept the people of China from ever considering to standing up to their ruler. Whereas the people of India were able to live more lenient lives. Until the death of the ruler Qin it remained this way. The next dynasty was The Glorious Han Dynasty. The ruler of this dynasty was of peasant origin and was not as harsh as his predecessor.
Ancient China was under a dynastic govern where rulers from a similar family ruled for eras. China was united into an empire and there was an emperor who ruled over many weaker kings. Dynasties from different regions often competed for supremacy to control China's resources and territories. Most dominant king became the emperor, who ruthlessly applied the law and formed massive work strength. Under the kings were a group of lords, and these lords ruled individual farmers.
On the other hand, it leaves a kind of profound thinking about the typical ordinary Chinese ideology and how great is the impact of such a decision on people’s
First a small amount of background on the emperor is needed. Before he was even born there had been “hundreds of years of open warfare between the different feudal lords, referred to as the Warring States period.” His rule was no exception he spent a large portion of his life conquering the 7 kingdoms. By 230 BC, Qin was making the final push to conquer all of the states, and in 221 BC the final state of Qi fell. This was the first time that all of china was unified under one power. He wanted to truly unify all the kingdoms into a true state.
Also, he stated that since the rulers/masters were cruel to their people, the ones that escaped tried to take revenge. On the other hand, in Doc 2, written by Han fei tzu, a Legalist philosopher, believed that the kingdom would be weak if the laws were weak. To prevent this, he said that there should be one supreme ruler that has absolute control over everything in the way that he wants to so as to not lose power and authority. This is significant because these liabilities and benefits show how, depending on how the government was run, and how the rulers treated their people, the people would rebel or would be fine with the rules. According to Doc 2, in order to have a strong kingdom, you need to have strong laws and a strong ruler.
The time is the third century BCE to the third century CE, two major world empires are in reign; these empires are Han China and Imperial Rome. Both of these empires rule in many of the same ways, yet are vastly different in the way they rule. During this time empires everywhere were growing, and people were learning to live in new ways as new forms of government become more present in society. In Han China, Emperor Gaozu takes over as first emperor as the Han Empire. His empire controls China for almost four hundred years.
The Qin and Han Dynasties were similar in that they both believed in a strong centralized government, which strengthened and unified their empires, but they differed in that the Qin followed the strict Legalism while the Han followed the more flexible Confucianism, and the way they interacted with outsiders; the Qin tended to be more defensive of outsiders while the Han were more interactive and wanted to build relationships with foreigners. First, the Qin and Han Dynasties believed in a strong centralized government. The implementation of a strong centralized government led to the success and growth of their dynasties. The centralized government creates a pyramid of power and influence, with the main leader, the emperor, on top.
The Qing had Hung Taiji and Li Zicheng who were key instruments in taking over the Ming dynasty and Beijing. Both dynasties had eventful paths to power, many achievements while in power, and a particular decline in power. The empire that came first was the Ming dynasty. This group reigned for about 300 years and was in power from 1368-1644.
The 1st and 2nd centuries B.C.E. were an influential tipping point in history. Obviously there lies a reason why this is the time in history where we move into the common era. A growing dissatisfaction around the world on how empires ruled led to some large, influential administrations falling. Some groups that entered the power vacuum include the Han Dynasty in China and the emergence of an imperial Rome. The imperial administrations of Han China (206 B.C.E.- 220 C.E.) and imperial Rome (31 B.C.E.-476 C.E.) had similar set-up bureaucracies and saw their downfall through their alike policies, however their method to define society differed.
Gaozu, the founder of the Han dynasty was the first low-ranked official to found a dynasty in imperial China. In 209BC, Gaozu spearheaded the rebellion against the tyrannical practices of the Qin dynasty. The changes enacted by the Han’s first emperor are central to understanding the political rule and authority in Han China due to the fact that the rulers that succeeded him follow suit in a majority of his policies. Throughout
Economic, political, both domestic and international, social and cultural factors all had various levels of impact and repercussions on the Qing regime, with chapters also dedicated to the formation and organisation of the Qing government, giving the reader context to the period. He traces the changes and continuity in these themes and argues against the orthodox interpretation of Qing history that the watershed in the Qing dynasty was the 1839-1842 First opium war and the resulting Treaty of Nanking. Instead, he argues that when the Western powers first came to assert their influence and dominance over the Qing, the Qing was already poorly equipped with the means of dealing with them and the Western powers, and later, Japan, simply proved too much for the Qing to handle. One specific reason behind this argument is the relationship between the Qing government and the people. Rowe explains the Qing approach to governing its huge empire as an attempt to conduct “government on the cheap”, referring to their principles of benevolent rule inclusive of light taxes and minimal direct involvement in local society, a pseudo laissez faire model through under governed China.
Qin Shi Huangdi and Caesar Augustus’s domination of multiple empires during their different lifetimes is what lead to them gaining the title of the first emperor of their empires. With peace finally brought to their territories, they gained supreme power over all. Their commitment to honoring their title showed by the way they appealed to the people. But, having great power was a substantial responsibility. They constantly had to show dedication to their empires, so the people never doubted why they were in power.