Quantitative And Qualitative Analysis Essay

INTRODUCTION

Analytical chemistry may be derived as the science and art of determining the composition of material in terms of the elements of compounds contained. By means of analytical techniques both qualitative analysis (the presence or absence of one or more elements) and quantitative analysis (how much amount is present) can be done.

The qualitative and quantitative analysis can be done by various analytical methods: various analytical techniques can be revised and some of them give accurate result,

Methods of analysis
Generally analytical methods are classified into:
(a) Chemical methods
(b) Instrumental methods

Chemical methods

(1) Volumetric methods
(2) Gravimetric methods

Instrumentation methods

(1) Electrochemical

In this mode most probably used stationary phase is silica gel. The silica structure is saturated with silanol groups at the end and ‘OH’ groups attached to silicon atoms are the active binding sites. Best separating compounds include plasticizer, dyes, steroids, amines, alkaloids, alcohols, phenols, aromatic and metal complexes. Fig. No: 2 Normal phase chromatography

Reversed Phase Chromatography A most popular mode for analytical and preparative method for separation of compounds of interest in chemical, biological, pharmaceutical, food and biomedical sciences. In this mode the stationary phase is a non polar hydrophobic packing with octyl or octadecyl functional group bonded to the silica gel and mobile phase is a polar solvent. An aqueous mobile phase allows the use of secondary solute chemical equilibria (such as ionization control, ion suppression, ion pairing and complexation) to control retention and