Some methods include the use of interviews, questionnaires, surveys, online research, and offline sources. This includes the utilization of books, articles, and studying previously done research. The best way to get information from the selected audience is through a survey. Surveys include a wide range of questions; answers depend and vary from individual to individual and/or experiments. Based on the information, data has to be put together in order to determine the relevance and usefulness of the information collected.
There is difference between “research” and “scientific research”. So, let’s try to define “research” ourselves. Research is the act of trying to gather information and facts about anything one might lack in knowledge, and the reason for it might be varying. Sometimes it’s just curiousity. Sometimes it’s because of a decision that must
Whenever a researcher is embarking on a research, he/she will be engaged in developing knowledge. Saunders et al. (2016:124) state that at every stage of the research, the researcher is bound to make several types of assumptions, whether knowingly or unknowingly. These include assumptions about human knowledge (epistemological assumptions), about the realities you encounter in your research (ontological assumptions) and the extent and ways your own values influence your research process (axiological assumptions) (Saunders et al, 2016:124). These assumptions are said to determine how the researcher understands the research questions, the methods to be used and also how findings will be interpreted.
Generally speaking, in many areas, researchers in conducting studies follow particular procedures in order for making sure of the credibility of a particular study and of testing out a theory, hypothesis, and so forth. One of the methods used in modern research is the sampling process. This essay aims to explain the meaning and the two different types of sampling term in great details, and to exhibit the errors that can be made in employing these types. In addition, an attempt is made to elucidate how the sampling is utilised in certain empirical studies of primary sources. Sampling is defined by Denzin (1989:71) as “a set of rules that place the observer in a situation to record or elicit a set of behaviours which are presumed to have
Two research approaches are there which includes inductive and deductive that can be used the researcher for collecting data and analysing it. The selection of the approach is dependent on the nature of the study that is qualitative and quantitative (Kumar, 2010). Deductive Approach Deductive approach is also known as top down approach that emphasise on the shifting the general perspective to the specific one. The focus of this approach is to make the researcher able to relate theory regarding topic with the aim of the study. For this purpose, the researcher focuses on making use of development of hypothesis.
The proper implementation of research methodology and research strategy plays a pivotal role to have a complete organized research paper. The use of deductive and inductive has been recognize in this research paper, the more use of inductive approach is used as this literature is purely dependent upon the qualitative approach. As illustrated by the authors that the deductive is heavily used by the research that needs to be empirical data, it used by the researchers who are writing empirical form of research paper. This research paper has idea, theories that are tested by the use of papers, articles, knowledge etc that have been reviewed. Despite of having approach of inductive reasoning, this paper lacks in advantage of deductive reasoning as because are devoid of any formulated hypothesis.
A research methodology addresses the subjects of research design, sources of data, technique for collecting the data, and data analysis. This study will employ interpretivism and positivism as research paradigms. This is because both qualitative and quantitative research methods were used for the interviews, questionnaires, and observation in gathering and analysing the data that were collected. According to Creswell (2014) quantitative and qualitative approaches are the two basic paradigms of research. Both these methods are essential to the research process but Connaway and Powell (2010:117) point out that they require some common and some different skills.
Explain the problem of “paradigmatic incommensurability” in the philosophy of science and demonstrate, using at least 3 examples, how to attain commensurability in a scientific research project. INTRODUCTION Learning about research within a social science context is treated with more rigor that than of commercial research since there is the foundation lies on a philosophical role. The two main paradigms that used namely that of positivism and interpretivism (seen in some readings as constructivism) outline the two perspectives that researchers use as models to guide the interpretation of research projects. This essay treats with the issue of paradigmatic commensurability which outlines the use of the paradigm approach to research and guides
4 Research Methodology 4.1 Research objectives/goals/questions Research comprises of defining and redefining problems, formulating hypothesis or suggested solutions; collecting, organising and evaluating data; making deductions and reaching conclusions; and at last carefully testing the conclusions to determine whether they fit the formulating hypothesis (Clifford Woody cited in Kothari, 2004) Kothari (2004) defines methodology as ‘a way to systematically solve the research problem. It may be understood as a science of studying how research is done scientifically’ while Somekh and Lewin (2005) define methodology as both ‘the collection of methods or rules by which a particular piece of research is undertaken’ and the ‘principles, theories
Section 4.2 discusses the research methodologies employed to introduce different research methods available and justify the research method adopted in this study. Section 4.3 discusses the sample selection and Section 4.4 explains the data collection methodology and types of data collected. Section