METHODOLOGY
3.0 Introduction This chapter presents the method and procedures of the suggested research. It consists of research design and participants of the study. Besides that, it also discusses the data collection procedures, processing of data analysis and statistical analysis in the study.
3.1 Research Design
3.1.1 Qualitative Research
A qualitative research approach is proposed for this study. Research design provides an overall structure and strategy of the research. Denzin and Lincoln (2005) describe qualitative research as involving “ an interpretive naturalistic approach to the world. This means that qualitative researchers study things in their natural settings, attempting to make sense of or interpret phenomena in terms of the meanings people bring to them.” Creswell (1994) state that qualitative research as the processes of understanding a social or human problem, based on building a complex, holistic picture, formed with words, reporting detailed views of informants, and conducted in a natural setting. Besides that, qualitative research approaches focus on the discovery and understanding meaning with the assumption that meaning, or reality, is socially constructed and interpreted by individuals in interaction with their natural world and experiences Creswell (2005); Guba and Lincoln (1981) and
…show more content…
We have chosen seven agencies that are from the list of the National Security Council, Directive 20. All the agencies exactly involve in the disaster in Malaysia. In this study, we do interview base of the flood that hit in Kelantan. Seven (7) agencies agreed to participate. They are from Majlis Keselamatan Negara (MKN), Jabatan Pendidikan Negeri Kelantan (JPNK), Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat Negeri Kelantan (JBPNK), Jabatan Kesihatan Negeri Kelantan (JKNK), Majlis Daerah Kuala Krai (MDKK), Jabatan Kebajikan Masyarakat Negeri Kelantan (JKMNK) and Kontinjen Polis Negeri
Finally on this note, the Federal Response Plan (FRP) has been revised into the National Response Plan (NRP). Many of the positive features of the FRP have been retained in the NRP but the focus has been shifted dramatically to responding to a terrorist attack and in doing so, the role of the Federal government has been altered dramatically. The NRP places the lead role in responding to major disasters, terrorist attack or natural disaster, in the hands of Federal officials. In fact, the Federal government now has the authority to respond to an event in a State without a request by the Governor. This alters the traditional role of the Federal government, through the FRP, supporting the actions of State and local government.
When a disaster occurs the federal, state, and local governments contact the military for help and support due to the their advantages attached to military operations and response which could benefit in them in manpower with specific qualifications, skills and expertise, strategic and rapid mobilization, updated technology and a variety of equipment (helicopters, aircraft, earth-moving machinery, respirators, medical supplies, power and lighting equipment, under-water capability, etc.) that most emergency organizations are unable to acquire on a moment notice (Kapucu, 2011). Besides, the military’s bureaucratic structure with hierarchical rules in place are effective in command, coordination, and control of manpower, authority, and regulations, is beneficial in providing effective response actions during the time of emergency (Anderson 1970; Schrader 1993; Sylves 2008; US House of Representatives 2006) (Kapucu, 2011). This advantage cut time in half because the structure is already set up without questioning who is doing what or who is in charge. Additionally, the military supports in sheltering the homeless, the construction of temporary housing and restoration of minimal critical infrastructure (water, electric, sanitation, communication infrastructure, etc.), (Miskel 2006; Schrader 1993), (Kapucu, 2011).
2011. "Mobilizing for International Disaster Relief: Comparing U.S. and EU Approaches to the 2010 Haiti Earthquake." Journal Of Homeland Security & Emergency Management 8, no. 1: 1-22. International Security & Counter Terrorism Reference Center, EBSCOhost (accessed October 23, 2015).
The five (5) Current Principal Directorates of the Department of Homeland Security, and their Respective Missions. The formation of Homeland Security and its directorates does not emerged as a child of circumstance, but for the reasons behind the protection of the American citizens and where the American interests lies across the globe. Presently, the Department of Homeland Security is supervising five (5) major directorates under its watch. Namely: (1) Science and Technology Directorate (2) Border and Transportation Security (BTS) Directorate (3) Information Analysis and Infrastructure Protection Directorate (4)
This study would be conducted using qualitative and quantitative
Available methods To achieve accuracy and effectiveness when carrying out this research, careful consideration of the methodology is needed. To restate, carrying out this research will obtain qualitative data
In the video “Cuppa GAO: Coffee With Our Experts – Disaster Assistance”, they discuss federal disaster assistance efforts and challenges. They discuss how the federal government responds to natural disasters. One way that the government responds and get people the aid they need is by direct help. The Coast Guard searches and rescue disaster victims and The Department of Defense and military delivers supplies. It is very important
Native Americans and Popular Stereotypes Stereotyping others is a huge problem in society today, and Native Americans are no exception to this problem. According to Shusta et al. , (p. 230, 2015) many people in the United States sense that Native Americans were not treated with dignity in U.S. history, but many are not aware of the extent of current societal prejudices against them.
FEMA’s mission and priorities were changed so that, “terrorism prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery became central to the emergency management mission” (Haddow 325). As a result of the terrorist attacks on 9/11 the country’s focus shifted completely from natural disasters to an outright major assault on all things terrorism with no second glance at the potential emergency’s natural disasters presented. There might be a possibility that because of the nation’s extreme obsession with terrorists and terrorism that Hurricane Katrina was not given full priority nor given as much thought as it should have been because the whole focus of the government was on terrorism. When an agency and governmental structure, such as the defense agencies, undergoes an extreme shift within the course of a few years brought on so suddenly, there are bound to be weaknesses. Hurricane Katrina was the most challenging threat that tested the DHS as well as FEMA’s preparation and mitigation of natural disasters since the shift of focus.
Qualitative Research Appraisal Mounica Soma Texas State University Completed in partial fulfillment of the requirements for HA 5301: Healthcare Administration Research Methods October, 2015 Introduction: The article titled “Family Physicians’ Perceptions on How They Deliver Cost-Effective Care” presented a study on the effects of family physician availability on healthcare costs and outcomes. Primary care family physicians play an important role in the provision of comprehensive, integrated, accessible healthcare services that satisfy the needs of patients (WHO, 2003). A review of Starfield et al (2005) has shown that health is better in areas with more primary care physicians, people
Cut-off date 27 February. Part1: Essay. ‘Evaluate the contribution of a qualitative approach to research on friendship’. Part2: DE100 project report – Method.
Ethnography We all think of medical physicians and nurses whenever we feel the onset of the slightest cold, but there is another group of professionals that provide us with the medication we need: pharmacists and pharmacy technicians. The main role of a pharmacist is to dispense medication to their patients according to the prescription given. Before this, they must ensure that they dispense the right drugs and make sure the strength and dosage of the medicine are appropriate, as well as ensuring the medication is safe. Pharmacists give advice to their patients in assuring the appropriate use of medications.
Introduction Qualitative research are those kind of researches that an outcome is obtained without the application of statistical methods of data analysis (Strauss and Corbin, 1990 cited in Golafshani, 2003). However, the qualitative research takes a direct approach, where the researchers arrive at a conclusion through the observation of events as they occur naturally without external interferences (Golafshani, 2003). Ethical and methodological issues may arise, therefore in order to demonstrate the legitimacy of Qualitative research it is important to integrate rigour and trustworthiness. Potential ethical issues There is the need to take into consideration ethical issues that may arise from conducting qualitative researches.
3. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH THEORY 3.1 QUALITATIVE RESEARCH Qualitative research is a form of research in which the researcher collects and interprets data, meaning the researcher is as important in the research process as the participants and the data they provide. Reason and Rowan (2004) have argued that the core element of a qualitative research approach is to connect meanings to the experiences of respondents and their lives. According to Clissett (2008) qualitative research involves a variety of research methods that can be used to explore human experience, perceptions, motivations and behaviours. Qualitative research is characterised by collection and analysis of words in the form of speech or writing.
It is primarily a subject oriented approach. In other words, the applicability of methods is mostly focused on the subject. Using qualitative research methodology, the researcher strives to comprehend the broad spectrum. The focus is on analysing the large volumes of data in a scientific and empirical way. This analysis relies on a particular case study, journals, online surveys and others.