Quantum Cryptography Case Study
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Communication security is very important, we use communication security in our daily life knowingly or unknowingly.
We use communication security every day like Paying by credit cards, SMS, cell phone conversation Email, chats, online calls Secure browsing Communication online Cloud communication and storage between your devices Software updates on the laptop and mobile phone Online banking etc.
“Note: ‘User A’: Sender/Data owner ‘User B’: Receiver/One who fetch the data”
Purpose of the project
The main intention or purpose of this project is to protect both users by giving them the privacy for their communication and their data, and to present an error-correction method for the symmetric key distribution
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But when we do share the randomly generated secret key using the quantum channel, eavesdropping will not happen, quantum channel has photon polarization in which eavesdropping is assumed as impossible since if any one try to eavesdrop it will be known to ‘User A’ and ‘User B’, this will be based on quantum physics which guaranties secure communication between two users, the security of quantum mechanics is based on Heisenberg's uncertainty principle,
Figure 2: Polarization
The figure 2 shows the polarization of photons, for our convenience, let us consider photon polarization in two basis, rectangular basis and diagonal
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Figure 3 is an example of this process.
Polarization is the orientation of electro-magnetic waves,. Photons are the particles that make up light.
The electromagnetic waves have an orientation of horizontal or vertical, or left hand or right hand.
When we speak about secret key and this secret key should be distributed or shared between two users who need to communicate,
In quantum communication a key is a stream of photons that are vibrating (oscillating) in a particular manner, this kind of vibration can happen in 360 degree in different kind of axis ,
For our convenience let us take up ( ), down ( ), left ( ), right ( ), up-left ( ), up-right ( ), down-right ( ), down-left ( ) axis.
If the ‘User A’ sends the photons in up ( ) axis then the ‘User B’ need to receive the photons in the same up axis to share the key between them,
If the ‘User A’ sends the photons in up-right axis and if the ‘User B’ try to receive the photons in down-left axis then both users cannot share the
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