Racial bias has played a significant role in the criminal justice system throughout history, and it continues to play one to this day. Whether it comes to police brutality, sentencing, rehabilitation, bail, etc., race is a relevant factor in so many of these criminal justice topics. The criminal justice system was not built to help those who are low income or those who are a person of color. Unfortunately, being low income and a person of color often go hand in hand in the criminal justice system. When there are statistics to prove how people of color are treated differently than those who are not, it has become a problem. In the United States criminal justice system, crimes are punished based on who the criminal is, and not what the crime is.
One of the many ways that race is relevant in the criminal justice system is when it comes to arrests. Regardless of what the crime is, race will often play a role in a police officer’s decision on whether or not to arrest a person.
…show more content…
However, racial bias also plays a role in the juvenile justice system. When looking at the population of detention centers and training schools, black males are four times more at risk of being a part of this population than white males are (Leiber & Fix, 2019). Going back to the 1990s, 41% of juveniles in detention centers were black (Leiber & Fix, 2019). In 1995, 68% of the detention centers population was made up of minorities (Leiber & Fix, 2019). These juveniles who were minorities were also more likely to be sent to an adult court (Leiber & Fix, 2019). By sending these juveniles to an adult court, they are facing the risk of being punished more harshly than they would have been if they were convicted in a juvenile court. Once a juvenile is involved with the criminal justice system, they are more likely to reoffend and continue being involved with the criminal justice system as they become
When talking about prisons, race is always talked about because it’s assumed that more black people are in prison than white people. When in all actuality, it’s pretty close to even between white and black prisoners. When the police crews were told to surprise certain neighborhoods, majority of the neighborhoods were black. On the flip side, as a police officer it must have been functional to assume the black neighborhoods would have more drug dealers because they’re black right? Overall, race does play a major factor in Mass Incarceration that simply will not change for many years to
This says that at almost every level of the Criminal Justice System there is racial discrimination against Black Americans. The Criminal Justice System is racially biased. The Criminal Justice System is even prejudice from the very beginning of the imprisonment process.
Police officers are more likely to stop and arrest African Americans, compared to other ethnic groups in America, and this has to do with stereotypes. Mainstream media portrays black men as violent, thugs or drug sellers which shapes the perceptions majority of Americans have towards African Americans (Hurwitz & Peffley, 2005). Therefore, these stereotypes become a method to dehumanize and make it acceptable for black people to be treated in a certain way in the criminal justice system. Also, there is a big gap when it comes to how to black people and white people view the criminal justice system because they experience it differently. Whites are significantly more likely to approve police aggression compared to their black counterparts, because they are not subjected to violence from Criminal Justice system (Hadden, Tolliver, Snowden, & Brown, 2016).
Discrimination and racial disparities exist at every phase of the U.S. criminal justice system, especially when it comes to sentencing. The United States incarcerates more people than any other country in the world, as there are over 2 million people imprisoned today. The drawing is a visual representation of my annotated bibliography. In it, I stated that the criminal justice system is broken, as it discriminates against people of color. The left side of the illustration depicts the scene of the courtroom during the trial of a white defendant.
Racial profiling, poverty and high crime rates are the major contributors to high incarceration rates for African Americans compared to their percent of the general population. Besides social and economic isolation, African Americans have been marked as inherently criminal with the war on drugs and crime targeting them even when the statics shows they are less likely to be in possession of cocaine for example (Walker, Spohn, DeLone, 2012). The high number of African Americans on death row is the result of institutional racism. Majority of the judges in the United States are white and more often than not are either implicitly or explicitly biased in their rulings (Walker, Spohn, DeLone, 2012).
Therefore, if proportionality remained consistent, there would be many more white people incarcerated than black people. For many people on this side of the argument, there are reasons beyond the simple concept of racism. Mainly, much discretion is left to the police officer when determining charges for arrests (Russell-Brown, 2008, p. 57). Such discretion may prove to be cumbersome especially when the police officers patrolling these areas have no experience with the living
Members of the judicial system, such as judges and lawyers, play a crucial role in addressing the issue. Lawyers provide legal counsel and representation to their clients, including those accused of crimes, and can work to ensure that their clients receive fair treatment within the criminal justice system. Judges, on their part, are responsible for making sentencing decisions and have the power to address disparities in sentencing. This understanding can help us to identify the root causes of the problem and develop effective strategies to address it. For example, by recognizing the impact of systemic racial inequalities on sentencing decisions, we can work towards implementing reforms within the criminal justice system to ensure that all individuals are treated fairly and justly.
There is an ongoing problem of marginalization and discrimination of African Americans in the criminal justice system, rooted in racist attitudes and prejudices inherited
Abstract This argumentative essay addresses the research question, "What are the root causes of racial disparities in the criminal justice system, and what policy solutions have been proposed to address them?", it explores the root causes of racial disparities in the criminal justice system in the United States and the policy solutions that have been proposed to address them. The essay argues that systemic racism and implicit bias are the primary causes of racial disparities within the criminal justice system. Systemic racism is evident in racial profiling, discriminatory sentencing, and over-policing of communities of color. Implicit bias influences decision-making by police officers, judges, and juries, leading to more punitive decisions
Racism is something that is still ongoing and has even gotten worse in recent years. No matter what efforts are taken to try and get something to change, equal representation in the justice system is something we may never get. The justice system was and still is racist. From the racial profiling, harsher sentencing for people of color, and the over-representation of people of color in the criminal justice system. According to the NAACP “If Black and Hispanic people were incarcerated at the same rate as White people, prison and jail populations would decline by almost 40 percent.
One of the most heated issues in law enforcement is the profiling of individuals based solely upon the race, ethnicity, or national origin of the individual. Statistics show that African Americans are several times more likely to be arrested and put in jail than white Americans. As of 2000, fewer African American men were in college than were in prison. Moreover, black children were nine times as likely as white children to have at least one parent in
Racial inequality in the criminal justice system can be found on many different levels, from policies, to policing, down to the study of crime itself. This can be seen with the policies that are passes into law especially in regards to punitive measures. Non-Hispanic Whites are more likely to be in favor of punitive measures which will affect the overwhelmingly black prison population (Drakulich). The inequality within the polices becomes greater when one looks at the civil restrictions placed on ex-convicts, without the ability to vote on said polices the whites have a greater say in what will happen to the blacks that are imprisoned, exacerbating the racial inequality (Wheelock).
Throughout history, disputes and tensions between law enforcement officials and communities of minorities have endured hostility and violence between each other. Racial profiling has become a “hot topic” for researchers as well as for politicians and by now it is likely that most citizens are at least aware of the common accusations of racial bias pitted against law enforcement (Cochran & Warren, 2013). Communities of color are being discriminated against and racially profiled by white police officers for any suspicion of criminal activities. It has been widely assumed by policy makers and citizens alike that allegations of racial profiling are mostly associated with the policing practices of white officers and their treatment of racial and ethnic minorities (Cochran & Warren, 2013). Also, individuals of minority descent will certainly recognize that they are being racially profiled during a stop that is being conducted by a white police officer.
Coker gives great evidence that supports racial injustice in the criminal justice system. She discusses on the Supreme Court’s rulings and accusations of racial preference in the system. This article is helpful because it supports my thesis on race playing a role on the system of criminal justice. Hurwitz, J., & Peffley, M. (1997). Public perceptions of race and crime: The role of racial stereotypes.
Can you imagine waking up behind closed walls and bars? Waking up to see your inmate who is a 45-year-old bank robber and you are a 14-year-old minor who made a big mistake. This is why minors who have committed crimes should not be treated the same as adults. Some reasons are because the consequences given to minors in adult court would impact a minor’s life in a negative way. If a minor is tried through a juvenile court, they have a greater chance of rehabilitation.