Daniel J. Losen wrote a policy brief called “Discipline Policies, Successful Schools and Racial Justice.” This piece is a compilation of reviews conducted by researchers that address racial disparities in schools regarding disciplinary policies. Arne Duncan, the Secretary of Education, delivered a speech that suggested “that students with disabilities and Black students, especially males, were suspended far more than their White counterparts.” For example, research conducted in 2006 found that “over 28% of Black male middle school students had been suspended at least once, nearly three times the rate for White males.” () Another key point is that law makers and school officials should keep schools safe while using alternative practical methods
Abstract Children in the education system are often told the adage “school comes first”. A statement which implies that an education is more important than any other extracurricular activity, social relationship, or family event. For the purposes of this specific essay, the term “education” refers to K-12 public education in the United States, specifically in the Saint Louis area. Recent research on the disparities and inequalities within the Saint Louis public education system have challenged the notion that “school comes first” for every child. It is no secret that education gaps and literacy gaps exist between rich and poor areas of Saint Louis.
The article is discussing how public schools are forcing students of color and who are economically disadvantaged out of schools and placed into juvenile justice systems. The author explains there is a high number of students who do not graduate from high school; with numbers steadily increasing each year. Therefore, the author finds it necessary to discuss school discipline policies in the article and present how different students find themselves being
The school to prison hypothesis describes how black children enrolled in schools face racialization and discrimination constantly and it is based off the “zero tolerance” policy (T. Davidson, Education, 2018, lecture 5). This theory connects to the book because Maynard explains throughout chapter eight of how black school children are treated differently. They are more subject to punishments and are susceptible to harsher disciplines. Black students are often seen as a threat within the education system and are constantly over surveilled. The linkage between the educational and criminal justice system is strong.
Third, interviews with students from Hawthorne middle school in Pocatello, Idaho prove that they aren’t treated the same as white students. In Idaho, students of color are suspended at a higher rate than white students. According to the U.S. Department of Education Office for Civil Rights, forty-nine percent of male students that are suspended in the state of Idaho are colored. While only five percent of male students suspended in Idaho are white. It shows that colored students are suspended more often than white students.
With this said students within low-income communities are already disadvantaged and stripped from many opportunities that other students are utilizing. Moreover, a black student is three times more likely to be suspended when compared to a white student (American Civil Liberties Union, 2023), and within low-income communities, children of color make up the majority of students, so imagine the number of suspensions that happen
The literature review clearly has shown that there is a phenomenon called School to Prison, Schoolhouse to Jailhouse, or Public Education to Prison Pipeline. Therefore, Jeremy Thompson (2016) says, “Zero-tolerance policies in schools result in high suspension rates and expulsion rates among students in general, but disproportionately affect minority students, especially African-Americans because students who have been suspended or expelled are more likely than not to end up in the Criminal Justice
The most important of the vast privileges today’s generation of America has in my opinion are freedom and choice. Of course none of these would’ve been possible without blood, sweat, and tears from our soldiers. America has more than enough gifts to offer for everyone ranging from rich to poor and good to bad. Schools are great and have many advantages that other countries lack. Our veterans have given us everything we need and more so the vast majority of us can be successful.
The teen was not killed during the school hour but he was staying with his father as a result of the suspension (Hoffman, 2014). Many articles and literature address these issues; however, there is a gap in the literature that explains how minority girls are affected which in turn overlook solutions to the problem. Daly et al. (2016) indicate that the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 provided incentives for schools to eliminate specific students so that the school’s standardized test score results will improve. According to Thompson (2016) unintended consequences rose out of federal incentives for students to do well on test scores since the federal bench marks needed to be met to receive funding.
Brown Did Not Help the Economic Problems of African Americans Justice Earl Warren fought tirelessly to have a unanimous Supreme Court decision in the case of Brown v. Board of Education. The justices knew this would be a landmark case (Urofsky, Seminar). While Brown was a step in the right direction, not only did it not solve the problem of school segregation, but it did not solve the root of the Jim Crow laws. By ruling on segregation specifically in education and not addressing the economic issues that plagued African Americans, Brown did not have the positive effect on race relations in the south that it could have. Brown did not solve the problem of school segregation.
A major issue in this counties school system is the issue with busing students, with the biggest one being to change the schools from race assignment or income based. With the change being implemented the schools have become more segregated. North Carolina as a whole stopped using race based assignment plans in the late 1900s after a series of court cases struck down the practices in various settings around the country (Kemp, 2015).In 2000 Wake tried a new assignment policy that was based on income and achievement. This would make it so that no school would consist of more than 40 percent of the students receiving free or reduce lunch, nor more than 25 percent of students performing below grade level, the policy was voted to be ceased in 2010. Wake county school board is seeking to replace a policy which based on race, to a socioeconomic in regards to student placement.
The Brown v. Board of Education was a groundbreaking case that made segregated schools unconstitutional, but unfortunately schools are still not equal in 2017. When it comes to school discipline African-Americans are given harsher consequences. “Racially biased school discipline contributes to what’s known as the ‘school-to-prison pipeline’ (Quinlan, Casey). After a student is suspended numerous times, the next disciplinary action is explosion, then after explosion, the next step is the juvenile system. Secondly, two other factors that contribute to the unequal education quality are white history lessons, and segregated schools.
The educational system in America contains numerous racial disparities that affects the very core of the children who is suppose to benefit from education. This disparity comes in many forms in primary schools, a teacher’s attitude being one of them (Epps, 1995). A teacher’s attitude in a classroom consisting of a racially diverse children is a large contributing factor to the academic success of their students, more specifically, the minority African American students. It is a given that all schools should employ qualified teacher who are passionate about their students and the quality of education they provide to these students. Unfortunately, that is not the case for many urban schools that house a large proportion of African American students
For example, in spite of the fact that black kids make up only 18 percent of preschoolers across the country, they represent about half of out-of-school suspensions, as per a 2014 U.S. Department of Education report. Other consequence is thinking of whites about black education. Williams, and David (1999) demonstrates national data which uncover that in 1942 only 32% of
During the 1900s a set of laws and rules were put into place that changed the way blacks would be treated for forever. The Jim Crow Laws was the beginning of the segregation of whites and black. It forced blacks to be separate from whites. These laws were justified by the mentality that the laws separated blacks from whites however it made them equal. However, this was not the case due to the Jim Crow Laws giving whites more benefits than blacks.
However, with diversity comes inequalities that people of color face throughout their lives. A particular issue in the United States, specifically in education, is unequal opportunities and treatment in regard to race. Research shows that students from single-parent black families had a high chance of dropping out and participating in illicit behavior (Hallinan 54). While the issue of race is a complicated issue to breach for