Racialized Thinking In The 19th Century

When the Plessy case was heard, all the southern states had passed laws that required segregation on at least some of their railroads. The Facilities assigned to blacks were inferior to those that were set aside for the whites. The motivating force behind the Jim Crow Laws was white supremacy. Jim Crow Laws were rigidly enforced to keep blacks in a position of inferiority. African Americans who broke or tried to break the laws faced the possibility of arrest, lynching, and public punishment at the hands of the

After all male, regardless to race, were guaranteed the right to vote by the 15th Amendment, white Southerners started to create ways in which they could oppress blacks and disempower their newly found privileges. The disfranchisement of blacks started with literacy tests, poll taxes and the grandfather clause. In other words, the ability to read or pay taxes has to be proven before people could vote. However, most black people grew up without a good educational background and were therefore excluded from the voting system. In 1877, when the Reconstruction era ended, inequality and injustice towards black people was present more than ever.

Then there was Charles Sumner, thinking on the same lines as Stevens. According to www.history.com/topics/charles-sumner ”He saw Reconstruction as the opportunity to establish civil rights for blacks, first in the South where Congress had explicit authority and gradually in the North. In 1865 he insisted that suffrage be granted to all black males. At the time of his death, Sumner was still vainly agitating for federal legislation repealing all discriminatory laws.” Finally, there was President Andrew Johnson. After Abraham Lincoln was assassinated, just as the South surrendered in April 1865, and then Andrew Johnson inherited the problem of Reconstruction.

Around 20 Jim Crow Laws were invented through 1866 and 1995. Some Segregated railroads, some required school segregation, others outlawed miscegenation, other ones requiring segregation for public accommodations, and also some that mandated segregation for streetcars. An example is the one in 1870 which had to do with education. Whites and colored students would have to be separated. Also, there was separate buildings for whites and black patients in hospitals.

Slavery was abolished in the year of 1865 when it became a part of the 13th amendment . Because of the abolishing of slavery, it created for a lot of discrimination and racism against people of color. In some southern and northern states did not agree with slaves begin freed especially Johnson. Because he did not agree it created for “moderates and radicals” to come together to pass black only laws. These black only laws returned some “freed slaves back to servitude”.

For example, had the government continued to fund the Freedmen’s Bureau, then the South would have legislated their discriminatory laws much later, if not at all. If the Freedmen’s Bureau had continued, African Americans and poor whites would have continued to receive support from the government as well as from other volunteers, such as carpetbaggers and scalawags. Over time, Southerners would begin to realize that former slaves were becoming equals to them, and slowly begin to accept it, especially since blacks would have the resources and people to enforce this idea. This would lead to America being the just and equal society citizens had wanted since the

Although African Americans were free, they were treated as less than a white U.S Citizen. Up until 1870, black people were unable to vote. Ulysses S. Grant despised these injustices and made it his presidential goal to fight for civil rights. On February 3, the 15th Amendment was passed giving African Americans the right to vote. This empowered a new collective of people to voice their opinions.

With its wrongdoings so recent in human history, the ubiquitous ideals of nationalism have complicated Germany’s legacy. Meanwhile, the United States fails to commemorate its victims of slavery

Rosa Parks The Civil Right Movement was the African-American way of fighting for equality to the whites and it was supposed to be a nonviolent way to protest. Khan academy stated that “After the Civil War, during the period known as Reconstruction, the passage of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments established a legal foundation for the political equality of African Americans. Despite the abolition of slavery and legal gains for African Americans, racial segregation known as Jim Crow arose in the South”. Jim Crow law meant that African American could not be at the same place as the white people. Even after slavery was over people of colored were still being treated unequal to the white people, they did not have the same benefits and rights that the white people had.

In 1896, the Supreme Court upheld the policy of segregation by legalizing” separate but equal” facilities for blacks and whites. But substance of racial segregation is a kind of racial discrimination. Segregation means, the division of the people’s rights is based on their ethic background. At that time, the blacks won’t go to the white-shop, and the blacks won’t went to the white-school. But during 1955 and 1963, the rise of the Civil War Movement eventually led to desegregated.