purported race possess characteristics, abilities, or qualities specific to that race, especially so as to distinguish it as inferior or superior to another race or other races; racism is a particular form of prejudice defined by preconceived erroneous beliefs about race and members of racial groups”.
According to U.S. Bureau Census of 2012, there are 3,138,725 African Americans living in Texas, making the state the third largest place where black people live in the United States. On the other hand, Hispanic population settled in Texas is one of the biggest, becoming the largest ethnic or racial minority in the country. According to data gathered from the U.S. Bureau, there are 55 million Hispanics. From this, 64% has Mexican background, 9.5% Puerto Rican, 3.7% Cuban, 3.7% Salvadoran, 3.4% Dominican and 2.4% Guatemalan. In the state of Texas, the 38% of the
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The impact of incarceration in United States has led the country to have the world´s largest jail and prison population and the highest incarceration rate, having an unequal impact on Latinos, African Americans, and other populations defined as Non-White. According to Sophia Kerby, up until now, Non-White groups continue to be more incarcerated, policed and sentenced to death at higher
*** 7. Mestizo: Mestizos are known as a mixed-race or population. The mestizos first emerged due to the lack of Spanish woman and the union between Spanish men and Indian women. The number of mestizos in Mexico became so large, that soon they were the majority of the population. This mixture of Spanish and Indian heritage assisted in blending the two identities and blurred the line of racial differences.
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY Alexander, M. (2012). The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness (Rev. ed.). New York, NY: The New Press. Michelle Alexander in her book, "The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness" argues that law enforcement officials routinely racially profile minorities to deny them socially, politically, and economically as was accustomed in the Jim Crow era.
Latinos were already living in Texas, mostly all Texans had Mexican origins, had various obstacles that limited them from voting in the state throughout the 19th century. For the most part African Americans entered the state as slaves, were second class citizens and the Texas political system was eventually opened up to them. Asians are much smaller groups that origin from China, Pakistan, Korea, Japan, and etc. About 1 million Asians migrated to Texas.
According to Texas Edition, minorities are more liberal and tend to vote
Is it fair that an African American man is sentenced up to life in prison for possession of drugs when Brock Turner is sentenced to only 14 years, later to be reduced to six months for sexually assaulting an unconscious women. The judiciary system are believed to have a high african american incarceration rate as a result of discrimination. At a presidential debate on Martin Luther King Day, President Barack Obama said that “Blacks and whites are arrested at very different rates, are convicted at very different rates, and receive very different sentences… for the same crime.” Hillary Clinton said the “disgrace of a criminal-justice system that incarcerates so many more african americans proportionately than whites.”
Michelle Alexander, similarly, points out the same truth that African American men are targeted substantially by the criminal justice system due to the long history leading to racial bias and mass incarceration within her text “The New Jim Crow”. Both Martin Luther King Jr.’s and Michelle Alexander’s text exhibit the brutality and social injustice that the African American community experiences, which ultimately expedites the mass incarceration of African American men, reflecting the current flawed prison system in the U.S. The American prison system is flawed in numerous ways as both King and Alexander points out. A significant flaw that was identified is the injustice of specifically targeting African American men for crimes due to the racial stereotypes formed as a result of racial formation. Racial formation is the accumulation of racial identities and categories that are formed, reconstructed, and abrogated throughout history.
The saying for Texas is “everything is bigger in Texas”. Most Americans see Texas as a thriving state with large areas of land, big homes, and big incomes. This reality may be true for some Texans, but not the majority. Texas actually leads in the rankings for poverty. “As of January 22, 2015, Politifact Texas listed on their website that Texas has increased in the poverty rates from 15.1 percent to 17.5 percent.”
The amount of mass incarceration in the United States as reached an all time high over the years. Mass Incarceration is the incarceration of a person or race based off of them being different and can be identified as a trend among law enforcements. These tensions have reached a certain extent and has received the attention of American citizens and the nation’s government. The laws of the United States seems fair, however with the enforcement of these laws, specific groups are targeted and abused by them daily.
People of all different races and ethnicities are locked behind bars because they have been convicted of committing a crime and they are paying for the consequences. When looking at the racial composition of a prison in the United States, it does not mimic the population. This is because some races and ethnicities are over represented in the correctional system in the U.S. (Walker, Spohn, & DeLone, 2018). According Walker et al. (2018), African-Americans/Blacks make up less than fifteen percent of the U.S. population, while this race has around thirty-seven percent of the population in the correctional system today.
Women of color are the most targeted, prosecuted, and imprisoned women in the country and rapidly increasing their population within the prison systems. According to Nicholas Freudenberg, 11 out of every 1000 women will end up incarcerated in their lifetime, the average age being 35, while only five of them are white, 15 are Latinas, and 36 are black. These two groups alone make up 70 percent of women in prison, an astonishing rate compared to the low percentage comprise of within the entire female population in the country (1895). Most of their offenses are non-violent, but drug related, and often these women come from oppressive and violent backgrounds, where many of their struggles occurred directly within the home and from their own family.
Laws and rules that date back to times when it made it difficult for people to stand out and have a voice. Texas based their laws on family values, school prayer, against abortion, and against gay marriage. Another negative aspect of Texas its location next to Mexico. Since Texas is bordering Mexico, there has been a lot of illegal Mexican immigrants crossing the border unto Texas seeking jobs that belong to legal Texas citizens. Though has been stricter laws put in place to prevent illegal immigrants from crossing over into Texas, there is still dispute over the issue
1. Who is this subculture group? Where are they from? The Mexican Americans are a population of Spanish speaking individuals whom inhabit an area of Southern Texas named Hidalgo County. This cultural group often refers to themselves as being “true Texans” while referring to those individuals who speak English as being outsiders.
societies in the world. These sub-cultures include Whites, African Americans, Asians, Irish, Latino, and European among others. Chicano refers to the identity of Mexican-American descendant in the United State. The term is also used to refer to the Mexicans or Latinos in general. Chicanos are descendants of different races such as Central American Indians, Spanish, Africans, Native Americans, and Europeans.
The United States has a larger percent of its population incarcerated than any other country. America is responsible for a quarter of the world’s inmates, and its incarceration rate is growing exponentially. The expense generated by these overcrowded prisons cost the country a substantial amount of money every year. While people are incarcerated for several reasons, the country’s prisons are focused on punishment rather than reform, and the result is a misguided system that fails to rehabilitate criminals or discourage crime. This literature review will discuss the ineffectiveness of the United States’ criminal justice system and how mass incarceration of non-violent offenders, racial profiling, and a high rate of recidivism has become a problem.
Within the public educational system, children interact with all sorts of people. Personally, I went to a public elementary school local to Palm Springs. Vista Del Monte or in English, "View of the Mountain" was a mostly Hispanic school. Even the name is in Spanish. I could count the number of Caucasian people in my class on one hand.