1. Introduction 1.1. What is RFID? Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a technology for automated identification of objects and people. RFID systems have been gaining more popularity in areas especially in supply chain management and automated identification systems. However, there are many existing and potential problems in the RFID systems which could threat the technology’s future. To successfully adopt RFID technology in various applications, we need to develop the solutions to protect the RFID system’s data information. This study investigates important issues related to privacy and security of RFID based on the recent literature and suggests solutions to cope with the problem. The RFID devices serves the same purpose as a bar …show more content…
Any scanner can read any barcode. • Cannot be read when dirty or heavily scratched. • Scanner can read only one barcode at a time. • Cannot reprogram the contents of a barcode. 1.4 Common RFID Problems Some common problems with RFID are reader accidents and tag accidents. Reader accidents occurs when the signals from two or more readers are similar. The tag is unable to respond to immediate queries. Systems must be carefully set up to avoid this problem. Tag collision occurs when many tags are present in a small area; but since the read time is very fast, it is easier for vendors to develop systems that ensure that tags respond one at a time. 2. How RFID Works How does RFID work? A Radio-Frequency Identification system has three parts: • A scanning antenna • A transceiver with a decoder to interpret the data • A transponder - the RFID tag - that has been programmed with information. The scanning antenna puts out radio-frequency signals in a relatively short range. The RF radiation does two …show more content…
6.1. The major advantages of an active RFID tag are: • It can be read at distances of one hundred feet or more, greatly improving the utility of the device • It may have other sensors that can use electricity for power. 6.2. The problems and disadvantages of an active RFID tag are: • The tag cannot function without battery power, which limits the lifetime of the tag. • The tag is typically more expensive • The tag is physically larger, which may limit applications. • The long-term maintenance costs for an active RFID tag can be greater than those of a passive tag if the batteries are replaced. • Battery outages in an active tag can result in expensive misreads. 6.3. Active RFID tags may have all or some of the following features: • Longest communication range of any tag • The capability to perform independent monitoring and control • The capability of initiating communications • The capability of performing diagnostics • The highest data bandwidth • Active RFID tags may even be equipped with autonomous networking; the tags autonomously determine the best communication
When one receives a signal, it must wait for the transmitter to stop transmitting, before replying. In these half-duplex systems, if more than one emits a transmission at the same time, a collision will occurs and messages will be lost. The messages sent by nodes are corrupted. The receiving nodes receive random data.
Once both of these steps are complete take both of the answers and add them together. Once that is completed and if it is a number divisible by 10 then the check digit would be 0 seeing that the overall product of the barcode must be a number divisible by ten. If it is says 65 then the check digit must 5 to make the number 70 which is evenly divided by
I then checked that I had calculated the correct digit by entering the barcode number onto the website http://www.gs1.org/check-digit-calculator. This website confirmed that I had found the correct check digits which meant that all of these barcodes were valid and therefore would not have experienced any errors while being scanned. When manually entering a barcode, you can easily enter it wrong which results in an error. Some errors include entering one digit wrong (substitution), missing a digit, adding a digit, or swapping two digits that are adjacent to each other (transposition). I experimented with some of these errors and found that if you enter a barcode number too short, no matter how many digits are missing, the error will always be detected… I also found that if you enter the barcode number too long, the error will be detected…
While user is leaving the parking slot and going towards the exit gate the employee will again scan the NFC card of that particular parking slot number. Because of this at the server side status of slot is marked as vacant and user’s status is mark as OUT. (a) Login admin system using login id and password. (b) Update status of parking slot w.r.t. status of user.
5. User fills in his/her credentials for authentication and authorization. 6. OpenID provider sends user authentication response back to service provider which is referred as relying party. 7.
• Giving an orderly review of the current procedures for IDS, and the way in which these have been connected to IoT. • Exploring the future difficulties for IoT and the part that IDS can play. • Outlining the key zones where future research can enhance the utilization of IDS in IoT. Whatever is left of the paper is dealt with as takes after, Section 2 demonstrates the related works that have proposed the outline and overview about IDSs.
Wireless technology is used for data transmission. Wireless technology carries a particular information from one place to another. Examples of wireless technologies are a remote control because while you’re using it, it sends control commands information to your TV making you want to change the channel or record a particular programme. Another example of wireless technology is a wireless sound system because it sends audio information to speakers and headphones. Bluetooth is a wireless technology used for the exchanging of data over short distances.
Introduction The 21century radio is a melting pot of different creeds and nationalities; however, the social norms that we are accustomed to have not always been widely accepted. The African-American community has been suppressed and barely heard throughout the radio airways in America. As early as the 1920s, African-Americans have been behind the scenes in popular music on radio. For many, the idea of change introduced into society gave way to inevitable backlash from others who didn’t agree with African-Americans having a voice on the radio.
This model is based on assigning security labels called security clearances to all object and users according to the specified classification. Thus, it enables a user read the objects which have the same label or smaller. For example, if considering the following classification of security levels: Unclassified – Confidential – Secret – Top Secret (each level dominates the previous), the user possessing a label “Secret” is not able to access the information labeled as “Top Secret” [1]. The information flow from dominating level to lower level is regulated by the “Read down” and “Write up” principles. The integrity of information is also regulated by the two principles “Read up” and “Write down”
Although radios are not as popular as they used to be in today's society, they still allow us to listen to music entertainment, bring us the latest news and even tell us about
1- The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of all type of EM radiation. It also describes the wavelength of light. EM radiation is the radiant energy that is released by a certain electromagnetic processes and a wavelength is the distance between successive crests of a wave. 2- The different between ionising and non-ionising radiation is that ionising radiation carries energy to ionize atoms and has more energy than non-ionising.
Wireless card. A Computer – with a processor, memory (RAM), hard disk, motherboard, graphics card, motherboard, and a monitor, keyboard and mouse. NIC cards – A Network Interface Card
Background Lamar Consolidated Independent School District mission statement is to ensure that all students have access to a superior education. Leadership is an essential part of inspiring, motivating students to achieve their full potential to participate in future opportunities in their community. Lamar CISD community involvement is one of the keys to success for students and families. Income has been a huge obstacle that has been preventing key strategies for closing the achievement gaps. There has been a huge increase from 2 parents to 1 parent household, with limited education, and minimum job skills to provide for the family.
Today’s society operates on multiple platforms and each of those platforms reveals information about our identity, our habits and our values. Those qualities of our being are valuable to entities like corporations and the government and they aspire to acquire such information to improve their own functionality. All of those things can be extracted from the technology around us that we interact with directly or indirectly every day. As the aforementioned entities implement technologies such as facial recognition and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), our private lives are unknowingly becoming more public than we would have ever imagined. These new technologies bring about a lot of concern when it comes to putting every detail of an individual’s
The RFID applications included attendance recording, to access the control, tea and coffee vending machine services and an e-purse, along with biometric security features of the organisations. Reliance Industries adopted this concept across the entire group of companies. Reliance Retail has made plans for using RFID to support its operations. The company has developed five RFID-deployment scenarios, including the tracking of reusable crates of fresh food; item- and case-level tracking of high-value goods; and pallet and case tagging of various