Essay On Rainfall Simulation
INTRODUCTION
Rainfall simulation has been used with much success throughout the last 75 years to conduct research on infiltration, surface water runoff and soil erosion.
Young and Burwell(1972) pointed out the advantage of using simulated rain as opposed to natural rainfall is desirable as it represented natural conditions at a given place, data acquisition is very slow and the spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall intensity, duration and kinetic energy can be controlled. A rainfall simulator is relatively easy to operate and transport while maintaining critical intensity, distribution, energy characteristics and time response of natural rainfall. It is developed with objective to simulate rainfall which is PC controlled hardware
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Rainfall intensity: Rainfall intensity is defined as the ratio of the total amount of rain (rainfall depth) falling during a given period to the duration of the period It is expressed in depth units per unit time, usually as mm per hour (mm/h).
Rainfall intensity(mm/hr) = total amount of rain water(mm) duration of rainfall(hr) Drop size distribution: The final droplet size distribution is an exponential distribution. The number of droplets with diameter between d and D+dD per unit volume of space is n(d)=noe-d/(d)dD
This is commonly referred to as the Marshall–Palmer law. Kinetic energy: Kinetic energy is the energy of a moving body, and the kinetic energy of rainfall is the sum of the kinetic energy of the individual drops. Kinetic energy is a function of the size and fall velocity and is often used as a desirable parameter for a simulator because it is known that kinetic energy is closely related to the ability of rainfall to cause erosion.
1.3 PARAMETERS SCALED FOR LAB SIMULATION Rainfall intensity: 5 to 60mm/hr Drop size: 3mm to 4mm Area: 3m by 3m Distribution: Gaussian and Uniform Velocity
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