Reading And Reading Strategies
Chapter II
Literature Overview
2. 0. Introduction
The present chapter focuses on the theories and related literature on reading strategies. The importance of understanding schema and its related theories of language learning is also discussed in this chapter. In the section that follows, we begin with the importance of reading skills.
2. 1. Reading
Reading is an activity with a purpose. Individuals read to gain information, to review given information, to enhance knowledge in a particular field or read for pleasure and enjoyment. The purpose of reading determines the appropriate approach to reading. Reading is an interactive process that goes on between the reader and the text. Readers should have cognitive skills and strategic competence
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In order to understand a text the reader must be able to comprehend the vocabulary used in the piece of writing. If the individual words don’t make the sense then the overall story will not either. The student can draw on their prior knowledge of vocabulary, but they also need to continually be taught new words. The best vocabulary instruction occurs at the point of need. Parents and teachers should pre-teach new words that a student will encounter in a text or aid her in understanding unfamiliar words as she comes upon them in the writing. In addition to being able to understand each distinct word in a text, the student also has to be able to put them together to develop an overall conception of what it is trying to say. This is text …show more content…
Beginning readers must master a set of phonemic awareness and phonics skills that allow for new words to be "unlocked’. Research has demonstrated that: student is more likely to have trouble reading in the later grades if they lack phonemic awareness (as early as in kindergarten) simple tests of a student's skill at working with phonemes could predict later reading problems and failure; and student's reading can be improved using simple techniques to show them how to identify the phonemes in words. Research has also demonstrated that phonemic awareness and phonics, while necessary to learn to read, are not sufficient, especially when we think about reading as a way to extract meaning from printed text. Good readers must also be able to apply these skills quickly, understand the words they read, and to relate what they read to their own lives and experiences. Much more than sounding out Even when a student can break spoken words into smaller units (called phonemes) and are able to blend sounds together to form words (phonics), there are at least three other skills that are important to master to be able to extract meaning from written
Dr. Louise Spear-Swerlings: Article Analysis
334 Words | 2 PagesIn Dr. Louise Spear- Swerlings’ article, she stated that in Kindergarten through third grade, student should be taught five key elements for effective reading abilities, which are phonemic awareness, phonics knowledge, fluency, vocabulary and comprehension. Dr. Spear- Swerling, continued by saying phonic awareness is well develop in normally achieving reader by the end of first grade and by the end of third grade they should have acquired basic phonics knowledge. In addition to children excelling to become good readers, the instructions should be explicit and systematic, following a logical sequence of instruction. For instance, reading a decodable text that’s consisting of words with one syllable before advancing to an authentic text.
Summary Of How To Read Literature Like A Professor
311 Words | 2 PagesChapter seventeen of How to Read Literature Like a Professor focuses on how authors employ sex in their writing as a way to encode other things. For example, in the 2015 romantic comedy film, Trainwreck, Amy Schumer plays a young woman with a liking for booze, sex and drugs. The film begins with a scene where Gordon Townsend is explaining his reasoning for why monogamy isn’t realistic to his two little girls. The film then flashes twenty three years forward, directly into a sex scene featuring Amy and a one night stand. The scene is fairly short and it is obvious that the attraction on Amy’s side is limited, for she pretends to fall asleep soon after walking in the door.
Similarities Differences In TESOL And WIDA Standards
274 Words | 2 PagesSIMILARITIES DIFFERENCES TESOL STANDARDS WIDA STANDARDS Both TESOL and WIDA standards have grade level breakdown: PreK-K, 1-2, 3-5, 6-8, and 9-12. And both are broken down by English level proficiency. Both have similarly levels of proficiency.
Example Of A Rhetorical Analysis Essay
1914 Words | 8 PagesWhile reading there are various ways to gain a deeper understanding of the text. For example, one method a reader can apply to increase their understanding is rhetorical reading defined as “involves more than ‘agreeing’ or ‘disagreeing’” (Heasley et al. 89). Thus, requiring the reader to focus on the text and pay close attention to the rhetorical situation to comprehend how an argument is working. In detail, the rhetorical situation consists of the writer, reader, text/purpose, and context.
Before Reading Strategy: Anticipation Guide
621 Words | 3 PagesReading Strategy File One #1: Before Reading Strategy Name of Strategy: Anticipation Guide Description of Strategy: Anticipation guides prepare students for a story or a text. Anticipation guides help to motivate students to read a story, build curiosity and help students predict what will happen in a text or a story before beginning to read it. Anticipation guides also help students to self-monitor their own interactions with a text or story.
Summary Of The 7 Habits Of Highly Effective Readers
996 Words | 4 PagesIn “The 7 Habits of Highly Effective Readers” by Kavitha Rao, she express her opinion on the topic that the current generation is not reading for fun. She mentions several experience she had with other people, that don 't see the benefit in reading for fun. She says that since people aren 't reading more leisure anymore they 're becoming less creative, inarticulate, have poor communication skills and low confidence, which is caused by parents forcing their kids to read, and the education system need to have students memorize textbooks and nothing else. After reading this article I find myself disagreeing with Rao on several points she made, I don’t believe the modern attitude towards reading is causing people to be self absorbed and unimaginative, she also claims that book clubs don 't encourage reading for fun, parents are forcing their children to read boring books which turned them away from reading and that the educational system is to blame for college students for being inarticulate.
Google Making USupid Thesis
854 Words | 4 PagesThe author consistently cites the example of students who have grown up using the internet as an information gathering tool; She talks about how students today must be able to read and write for both the print and digital worlds, and that the “skills of reading and using technology converge as students search for information or answer questions with the Internet” (Schmar-Dobler 81). This convergence of skills is important when considering Schmar-Dobler’s earlier assertion about the nature of literacy itself changing. The author goes on to examine the model for reading comprehension, the proper strategies of which poor readers usually lack the knowledge of, and therefore tend to be thought of as a marker for identifying “strategic readers”. Strategic readers of the Internet, however, must add the skill of “navigating” in order to locate pertinent information and then take meaning from the text (Schmar-Dobler 83). Schmar-Dobler then claims that “To be adept at seeking, evaluating, and using information found on the Internet, readers must navigate through Internet text and apply their knowledge of the reading process” (Schmar-Dobler 83).
Phonics Document For Balanced Literacy Handbook Analysis
793 Words | 4 PagesThe advantage for students is that once the students get the basics down, they can go to the library and read a wide variety of children’s literature. Whole language teachers are expected to provide a literacy rich environment for their students to combine speaking, listening, reading and writing. Whole language teachers emphasize the meaning of texts over the sounds of letters. Whole Language is considered a “top down” approach where the reader constructs personal meaning for a text based on using their prior knowledge to interpret the meaning of what they are
Constrained Skills In Early Childhood
2796 Words | 12 PagesConstrained skills are the quickest to develop and master, such as decoding, fluency, and word recognition (Kintsch, 2004; Paris & Hamilton, 2009). As children acquire and become automatic in these reading skills, these constrained skills aid the child in a smooth transition to the later stages of reading development where there is a heavy focus on unconstrained skills. Unconstrained skills such as comprehension, vocabulary, and composition, continually develop over time making them much more complex with uncertainties of when or how they become automatic (Kamhi, 2009;
Teaching Assistant Strategies
1044 Words | 5 Pages5 strategies that a teaching assistant might use to support literacy development: 1.Improving language which means building children’s vocabulary. Vocabulary is very important. It is needed to communicate, to understand others and to express own ideas. Building and improving vocabulary will improve reading and writing skills. In order to improve children’s vocabulary teaching assistant could make sure to provide children with a language-rich environment.
Decoding In Early Reading
750 Words | 3 PagesShare (1999) convincingly describes how decoding skills are supported by vocabulary, syntactic and semantic understandings. Speece and Cooper (2002) report a connection between early semantic skills and reading comprehension in their study of the connection between oral language and early reading. Decoding is vital because it is the basis on which all other reading instruction builds. If children are unable to decode words their reading will lack fluency, their vocabulary will be restricted, and their reading comprehension will suffer. Explicit, systematic and multi-sensory phonics instruction produces effective decoding skills.
Why Is Literature Important
1166 Words | 5 PagesThere has been reading since the alphabet was first created thousands of years ago, but just recently, reading has taken on a new purpose. Reading in the modern day is a way to escape from a realty, good or bad, that people live in. People all over the world are suffering in their day to day life but now reading book especially fiction book allows them to escape. This helps people get over many problems such as depression, anxiety, and suicidal thought. Many people have written about this such as Tim Gillespie.
Lenses On Reading: An Introduction To Theories And Modelsis An Excellent Read?
615 Words | 3 PagesThe layout shows the reader the development of literacy theories from Early Theories and Models Applicable to Reading through the 21st century. It was interesting to see some of the theories overlapping each other and some of the theories were developed upon by other scholars. For example, the Schema Theory was developed further by Louise Rosenblatt’s Transactional Theory. Background of Authors
Oral Language: The Six Components Of Reading
1136 Words | 5 PagesIn conclusion, the process of reading is incorporated throughout our daily lives. Without it, many people struggle to understand, correlate, and even express themselves in an enlightening manner. With that in mind, comprehension, phonological awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and oral language are the six essential components that compose a well-developed
Speech On Importance Of Reading
720 Words | 3 PagesThe reasons are that it is through reading that a person is going to be able to discover new ideas, concepts, meet new places and people that time, money or reality sometimes prohibited. It develops your communication tools and expands you knowledge and the conception around you. First of all, reading gives you a wonderful opportunity to learn about other cultures and places of interest in the world. It gives you an insight into the diversity of our world and the chance to visualize it.
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