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Literature Review On Dyslexia

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This chapter presents a review of literature related to the variables of the study. It is divided into two parts, Part one deals with the theoretical framework focusing on reading difficulties, types of reading difficulties, Dyslexia, different types of dyslexia, characteristics of dyslexic pupils, techniques for teaching dyslexic pupils. It also tackles the multi sensory approach, its principles, content to be taught in multi sensory teaching, strategies and benefits of using multi sensory approach in the classroom. In addition this chapter provides studies related to the present study.
Reading difficulties
According to Lyon (1996) approximately 5% of public school students are identified as having a learning difficulty which is not …show more content…

population has some type of learning difficulties. According to the National Institutes of Health, difficulties with basic reading and language skills are the most common learning disabilities, and 80% of students with learning disabilities have reading problems. Lyon (1996) added that learning difficulties should not be confused with other conditions such as mental retardation, seeing, hearing, and behavioral disorders. None of these conditions are learning difficulties. In addition, they should not be confused with lack of educational opportunities like frequent changes of schools or attendance …show more content…

In addition, interventions to improve phonological awareness abilities lead to significantly improved reading abilities. As Sam & Rojian (2013) added, the relationship between phonological awareness and reading abilities changes over time. All levels of phonemic awareness ability (syllable, onset-rhyme, and phoneme) contribute to reading abilities through early grades.
The relationship between phonological awareness and literacy is often explained in terms of its role in decoding and encoding. Yopp (1992) sum up that, in reading, decoding refers to the process of relating a word's written representation to its verbal representation. Especially in the early stages of reading, decoding involves matching letters in the word to their sounds, and combining those sounds to form a word. Encoding is a process used in spelling, although the process goes in the opposite direction, with the word's verbal representation is encoded in a written

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