Rebecca Lee Crumpler: A Book Of Medical Discourses

Written by the great Toni Morrison, Song of Solomon is where the song of African- Americans is sung with the most genuine and sincere voice in utmost entirety. In this essay, the masterpiece will be examined with gender studies approach and cultural studies approach, the function of Pilate and Ruth would be examined in depth, the suggestion that the protagonist should be more loving and caring for others would be fully explained, and the value of this book will be carefully examined.

Dr. Bartholomew Fussell was a Quaker who grew up in Chester county, Pennsylvania. He had six children and lived from 1794 to 1871. As an adult, he studied medicine and taught at a Sabbath school for African Americans, on occasion teaching over eighty students. He was one of the brave people who made their homes part of the underground railroad. Sometimes, he would see one of his old students, and shelter them with other runaway slaves he assisted. Fussell was one of the signers of the Declaration of Sentiments, which was a statement issued against slavery. All in all, around 2,000 slaves are estimated to have transversed through his

Sarah Breedlove, also known as Madam C.J. Walker, born on December twenty-third of eighteen sixty-seven in Delta, Louisiana. Sarah Breedlove is to be considered lucky as to which she was the first child in her family to be a “free-born” from slavery once her parents were allowed to leave. She lived a tragedy at such an early age of seven with the withdrawal of her parents’ lives in this world. Sarah was then later in the custody of her older sister. At such an early age, Sarah Breedlove was married to her first husband, Moses McWilliams, and became a teenage mother at eighteen with her daughter named A ’Leila. Two years later, her husband McWilliams passed away. While maintaining her young daughter at a public school with the low payment Sarah Breedlove received, she began to

Have you ever heard of the first African-American woman to go to college, get a B.A, become a teacher then a principal(no, I am not talking about the principal Mrs. Brown) I 'm talking about Mary Jane Patterson. She was born September 24, 1840 in Raleigh, North Carolina. Mary 's parents, Eliza Patterson and Henry Irving were runaway slaves that managed to take care of four kids (Mary, John,Emma and Chanie ann). In 1852, Patterson 's family left Raleigh and moved to Oberlin , Ohio because they wanted their children to go to college.

Statistically, African American women in the United States suffer from complications or death 243 percent more than white women during maternity. This is a common occurrence that many women and children face, but shouldn’t have too. Rebecca Skloots book, The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks, is an example of the inequality shown to African-American women in the medical world. Specifically, the unequal medical care Henrietta Lacks received, which many other black women experienced. In her book, Skloot suggests that African-American women suffer from psychological effects after receiving unequal medical care, do not receive equal medical treatment during maternity, and are more likely to die from maternal complications. Researchers agree, stating that these are common occurrences in the medical industry.

Medical treatment in the 1950s was not the honest and fair practice it is today. The way in which African Americans we treated for their illnesses, if treated at all, the treatments would be extended over an unneeded amount of time or the treatment wouldn’t even be treatment. It would worsen the illness or have no effect. Today the medial field is much more equal and have more rules to prevent discrimination. A main change that has occurred is that now the doctors can not refuse to treat African Americans.

Mercy Otis Warren was born in Barnstable, Massachusetts, on September 14, 1728 and was one of thirteen children. At an early age, Mercy developed a keen interest in politics, that only grew stronger as she grew. She was surrounded by political protestants, some including her brother, James Otis, and her husband, James Warren, whom she married November 14, 1754. She was born into the prosperous Cape Cod family and was particularly well off as a child. Although Mercy Otis had no formal schooling, her uncle, the Rev. Jonathon Russell, allowed her to sit in almost all her brothers tutoring lessons. She even sat in the lessons when her brother, James Otis, was preparing to go to Harvard for college. Mercy Otis had accomplished things that were unheard of for women in her time. She was an

She had left to stay in Europe where she had assisted in a birth control clinic. When she returned to the United States, she had decided to open up her first Birth Control Clinic which only lasted 10 days in Brownsville district of Brooklyn. She was then arrested for giving out contraceptives in 1917.

During a time of racism and segregation Rebecca Lee Crumpler doubted many people by becoming one of the first African American woman physician. Her journey to become a physician was challenging as she was doubted, had no support from her peers but she was determined to prove people wrong. At a young age, Crumpler faced many doubters, as many black females either became slaves or housewives; she followed her aunt’s footsteps and began to study medicine. During her time in medical school she was faced with many challenges by her follow peers, racism and hypercritical attitudes from her peers made her determined to look pass their judgment and pursue her dream of becoming a doctor, “the prejudice that prevented African Americans from pursuing careers in medicine to become the first African American woman in the United States to earn an M.D. degree" ("Changing the Face of Medicine | Rebecca Lee Crumpler."). She faced challenges head on and did not fail to prove people wrong, "It was a significant achievement at the time because she was in the first generation of women of color to break into medical school, fight racism and sexism" (Gray).

Paula A. Treichler from the University of Illinois analyzes “The Yellow Wallpaper” and its effects of the diagnosis given to the main character effectively in her article “Escaping the Sentence: Diagnosis and Discourse in ‘The Yellow Wallpaper’”. In her article, Treichler emphasizes the reasons why the main character was lead to believe her diagnosis from her husband and the other contributing factors that played a role in her hysteria, such as lack of social interaction and confinement.

Imagine your mother, sister, wife, or cousin was diagnosed with cervical cancer and you believed the doctors were doing everything in their power to help her. Only later you discovered her cells were used for research without consent and she was not properly informed of the risks of her treatment due to her race. This story happened and is told by Rebecca Skloot in The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks. Skloot use of narrative and her writing style enhances the understanding of the story. Henrietta Lacks was a young black woman who was diagnosed with cervical cancer at John Hopkins Hospital. Her doctor collected cancerous cells and healthy cells from her cervix and gave them to the cancer researcher, George Otto Gey, who was trying to keep cells alive for more than a couple days. Henrietta endured intense radium treatments, but she still died at the age of 31, leaving her husband and five children behind. An amazing discovery was made Henrietta’s cell were immortal. Racism is prevalent in this book through the limited availability of healthcare, unethical behaviors of the doctors, and how racism affected her family.

Imagine growing up on a cotton plantation to former slaves in Delta, becoming an “orphan at the age of 7, becoming a wife at the age of 14, a mother at 17 and a widow at 20?” This all describes the early life of Sarah Breedlove, better known as Madam C.J Walker. “She supported her family by washing laundry and she used her earning as a laundress to pay for her daughter’s education at Knoxville College” .In 1889, Madam C.J Walker moved to St. Louis in search of a better future. She worked as “a saleswoman for a black hair-care entrepreneur named Annie Turnbo Malone who employed black women to sell her products door-to-door. After experiencing severe hair loss herself, Walker experimented with her own hair formulas” . Madam Walker

The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks tells the story of Henrietta, an African-American woman whose cells were used to create the first immortal human cell line. Told through the eyes of her daughter, Deborah Lacks, aided by journalist Rebecca Skloot. Deborah wanted to learn about her mother, and to understand how the unauthorized harvesting of Lacks cancerous cells in 1951 led to unprecedented medical breakthroughs, changing countless lives and the face of medicine forever. It is a story of medical arrogance and triumph, race, poverty and deep friendship between the unlikeliest people. There had been many books published about Henrietta’s cells, but nothing about Henrietta’s personality, experiences, feeling, life style etc. This caught Rebecca’s

Rebecca Skloot develops the idea that poverty comes with many difficult situations, in the book, "The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks". True, Henrietta and her family were poor, could barely afford their medical bills, and they didn 't get the extended care that they deserved. You will learn how being poor can change your life and what is done with it .

A. I research my topic for approximately two weeks and I’m creditable to speak on Dorothy Irene Height.