Controversial questions swirl around the correctional system 's management of sex offenders: How long should they be incarcerated for their crimes of forcing sex acts on adults or children? How should they be monitored following release? Does psychological treatment in prison actually affect the risk of committing further offenses? And how can courts balance offenders ' potential for rehabilitation with a community 's need to protect its citizens?
Responses to these questions have varied over the years, and, accordingly, so has policy-making by the states and the federal government. Recent policies have been trending toward longer prison sentences and more restrictive after-release monitoring, stemming in part from a dismal view of
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"In the 1980s, American states made the decision that sex offenders were not sick; they were bad," LaFond says. "Some states decided to offer treatment, but there wasn 't much hope that it would work. Now, however, there 's an emerging optimism that psychologists can deal with these people and offer alternatives to continued incarceration."
Some of that optimism comes from a meta-analysis on the effectiveness of treatment for sex offenders published in Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment (Vol. 14, No. 2) in 2002. That analysis showed for the first time a significant difference between recidivism rates for sex offenders who were treated and those who were not, says psychologist R. Karl Hanson, PhD, lead author of the study and senior researcher for the Solicitor General Canada--the government agency that manages Canadian courts and corrections.
The study revealed, among the most recent research samples, sexual recidivism rates of 17.3 percent for untreated offenders, compared with 9.9 percent for treated offenders. Though that 's not a large reduction, the large sample size and widely agreed-upon research methods make it statistically reliable and of practical significance, Hanson
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"Through anecdotal evidence, we know that modern treatment lowers recidivism, and the meta-analysis backs that up now," Prentky says. "We are unlikely to find a large treatment effect as long as the re-offense rates for untreated sex offenders are relatively low, for example, around 15 percent."
Assessing dangerousness
Psychologists have gleaned a number of important treatment insights in their research--the most basic of which is one size does not fit all.
"A large part of the challenge to managing this group is educating the courts that sex offenders are a highly heterogeneous population and not all of them are at high-risk for re-offending," says psychologist Moss Aubrey, PhD, who does private assessment of male sex offenders in New Mexico.
People commit sexual crimes for different reasons, Aubrey says. "Some are highly predatory, highly psychopathic and have repeated offenses, making them more likely to re-offend," he explains.
In the last 10 years, psychologists have made substantial advances in clearly identifying factors that increase an offender 's risk of committing an offense after release, Hanson says. These factors include the number of offenses, intimacy deficits, sexual
Y. (2010). Sex Offender Registries: Fear without Function? SAEN, Inc. Retrieved April 3, 2018, from https://www.saeninc.org/registry_effectiveness Bonnar-Kidd, K. K. (2010). Sexual Offender Laws and Prevention of Sexual Violence or Recidivism. American Journal of Public Health, 100(3), 412–419.
Chapter Eight of the book Flawed Criminal Justice Policies, authors take the closer look at the laws and faulty policy regarding the sex offenders. According to the book policy makers started the myriad laws to protect the public from the sex offenders with increased prison sentences, and restricting the residences to the violators. Today we have very similar situation when it comes to treatment of sexual offenders. The process starts with the sex offender being committed to the prison sentence, and lastly to being registered as a sex offender on many public websites, so that the people could distinguish who the sex offender is and where he/she lives. In this chapter we can learn about a lot of different statues that were made to protect people from the sex offenders.
A final criticism is that it subjects sex offenders to indefinite punishments (Levenson,
Your paper was clear and interesting to read, you provided a number of points and topics to include. It is safe to say that through the observation I had involving the prediction of sex offender recidivism, the offenders that undergo treatment are faced with pros and cons meaning that treatment is necessary when an offender is actively participating. On the other hand, the cons involve an offender that receives treatment but isn 't willing to change the behavior and mindset to re-offend. Moreover, you provided an imperative reasoning for the scenario choice, you provided clear motive, history and background, and professional observation.
Joseph’s overall progress in sex offender specific treatment continues to be poor. Joseph’s attendance overall has been good, he is compliant when asked to complete homework assignments and working through the Pathways workbook, but it is clear that he is a passive participant and is not putting forth the effort to make sustainable changes in his life. To date several approaches have been employed to engage Joseph in treatment, but these attempts have been met with resistance. As previously stated in his last report, his cognitive distortions appear to be deep rooted and this has impeded his ability internalize a sense of wrong doing with regard to his sexual offenses, as well as his other delinquent behaviors.
“Teenager’s Jailing Brings a Call to Fix Sex Offender Registries,” is an article written by Julie Bosman, and published by the New York Times Newspaper. The article is written about a 19-year-old named Zachery Anderson who is listed on a sex offender registry for life. The cause of this was talking to an under aged female through a dating app called “Hot or Not.” Although, Zachary Anderson did not know that the girl who had lied about her being 17, was actually 14, he later plead guilty to what had happened. Reading this newspaper article had me thinking about all sorts of things, whether it was about the fact that Zachary had sex with a female who was under the age of consent in Michigan or the fact that he was put on the sex offender registry.
The authors examined the therapeutic responses of psychopathic sex offenders (≥25 Psychopathy Checklist—Revised; PCL–R) in terms of treatment dropout and therapeutic change, as well as sexual and violent recidivism over a 10-year follow-up among 156 federally incarcerated sex offenders treated in a high-intensity inpatient sex offender program. Psychopathy and sex offender risk/treatment change were assessed using the PCL–R and the Violence Risk Scale—Sexual Offender version (VRS–SO), respectively. Although psychopathic participants were more likely than their nonpsychopathic counterparts (<25 PCL–R) to drop out, almost 75% of the former completed treatment. Psychopathic offenders who failed to complete sex offender treatment were more likely
America has a strict law, which protects our citizens from predators; sex offender registries are exemplifications. In the article “Protect Yourself, Family From Sex Offenders,” Rick Schneider argues that sex offender’s name should not be taken off even after they had served their time. Many can argue that registries are a good way for the government authorities to keep track, and to protect the community from any violence caused by sex offenders. For example, many people may believe the registry protects people from predators because it allows others to know where the predators are and how likely they are to strike again. On the other hand, some people consider that it is “horribly unfair” to release the names and addresses of offenders
Effectiveness of Sex Offender Registries: Do They Reduce Recidivism? Sex offenders are commonly viewed as the worst of the worst in regards to criminal offenders. Their heinous actions instill a sense of fear among the victim and society at large. Following an offender’s release, regardless of their crime, there is a high likelihood that the offender will recidivate if they are not successfully integrated back into society. Specifically, it is often assumed that sex offenders are highly likely to recidivate and that they will continue to be perpetrators of sexual offenses.
The most successful part of sentencing sexual offenders to jail time is separating them from society. The main goal for sex offender legislation is to protect society, and this is probably the most effective. Although it is not common for sex offenders to face jail time, it is a form of legislation that needs to be used more often. If sentenced to jail time, the sentences would range from 6 months to 25+ years, which during this time, is the perfect time for the offenders to receive treatment, if possible, and be separated from those they might harm (California Sex Offender Sentencing Guidelines 2020). States try to come up with different forms of treatment and legislation to protect society from these offenses, but it is not very often they would sentence them to jail time, which almost all members of society would feel safer
“There are 400,000 registered sex offenders in the United States, and an estimated 80 to 100,000 of them are missing. They 're supposed to be registered, but we don 't know where they are and we don 't know where they 're living” (Ernie Allen 2005). Managing high-risk sex offender 's in communities gives people warning of their surroundings. The child death could have been avoided by a simple notification to the parent to let them know it is a sex offender in the surrounding area. Megan’s death could have been avoided by a simple notification to her parents informing them that it is a sex offender in the surrounding area.
Research shows that fewer than 8 percent of the sex offenders completing the Sexual Offender Treatment Program return to prison. Sex Offender treatment is part of a comprehensive effort to increase community safety as a whole. Sex offender treatment is a vital key component of its Reentry Initiative, which is designed to help offenders start receivig the treatments, education and job training they need in prison so that they return to society making choices that will help keep them out of prison again. An estimated 95 percent of the sex offenders sentenced to prison in the end come back to the group.
The responsivity principle states that clinicians should tailor treatment delivery that will produce the most effective outcomes depending on unique needs of the client. It is important that the therapist considers each offender individually and adequately assesses their cultural, mental, and physical needs. There are several advantages (pros) and a couple disadvantages (cons) to the therapeutic approach of the RNR model. The pros of this model are that treatment intensity is matched with individual risk level, dynamic issues that are directly linked with crime, and that specific treatment is tailored to individual offenders. By matching treatment intensity to risk level, offenders receive treatment that will be most effective in meeting their therapy needs.
Tracy, was informative and a well organized piece of research. The authors appear to have kept their research ethical, as they kept names any of the individuals included in their study confidential, aside from the authors of the research they cited throughout their own research. The article also seems to have answered it 's hypothesis of proving that the more times someone commits an offense, the more likely they will be to continue committing
The first theory I will be explaining is Rational Choice Theory. Cornish and Clarke argue that “offenders are rational people who seek to maximize their pleasure and minimize their pain.” (Cullen, 2015 pg. 438)