Recidivism Or Education-Based Discrimination?
A principal reason for why education-based discrimination is disregarded is because it is overshadowed by the more commonly expected and discussed forms discrimination. Considering it is often co-occurring or acting as proxy to the other forms (Tannock 2008). This is particularly exhibited in a court sentencing. Albonetti’s (1997) analysis, one of the few to include education-level, examined and revealed how the defendant’s characteristics (extralegal variables) influence sentencing and its severity, such as imprisonment length. The analysis concluded that in terms of education-level, a male of minority class and of lower education would receive a more sever sentence than one of higher class and education (Albonetti 1997). Furthermore, having …show more content…
Education is considered to be an independent variable which significantly influences recidivism rates (Haulard 2001). In 2001 Haulard determined that the education prior and during an individual’s time in the correctional system affected their rate of recidivism as education permits a discriminated individual to re-enter society in an appropriate manner (Haulard 2001). They are deemed as more acceptable beings. Studies have established that the average education level prior to incarceration by inmates is much lower to the level of education attained by a ‘free’ man (Stevens and Ward 1997). Consequently leading to the assumption that a lack of education determines the individual as less intelligence and/or has less ability to make ‘wise’ decisions. …show more content…
It is unfair and unmoral to discriminate those who do not have the wanted elite levels of education (Tannock 2008). Society would not be able to function as it requires diversity. It needs those to do the tasks which are deemed to be lesser. And when it comes to a court setting, education-based discrimination is magnified for the court actors are evaluating every capacity of the defendant, no matter if it is regulated as irrelevant. Education is a factor which is greatly stressed for it is used to put one ahead of
Essay On Disparity In Sentencing
1248 Words | 5 PagesWomen convicted of “other property offenses” – a category of crimes that includes arson, receiving stolen property and breaking and entering — received shorter prison sentences. • Black female defendants were, in some ways, treated differently than white female defendants. Black women were assigned higher bond amounts and were more likely to be sent to prison than white women. Women of both races were equally likely to be released prior to
Analysis Of Body Worn Cameras: Assessing The Evidence By Michael White
1497 Words | 6 PagesProsecution & Sentencing Issues Wrongful Convictions Mateusz Konieczkowski CRM 420-01 Professor Rivolta 5 May 2015 Central Connecticut State University #1 There has been many times where the tough-on-crime approach has characterized our Criminal Justice System since the early 1980’s. One of these policies is the Sentencing guideline. Many times, when judges following the sentencing polices, they are too soft on the criminals. Some criminals get away with the crime that they have done. Even in the book illustrates how “a second problem was the recognition of racial disparities” (Mays & Ruddel, 2015).
Summary: Racial Disparities In Sentencing
250 Words | 1 PagesKamalu, Ngozi Caleb, Margery Coulson-Clark, and Nkechi Margaret Kamalu. " Racial Disparities in Sentencing: Implications for the Criminal Justice System and the African American Community." African Journal of Criminology and Justice Studies: AJCJS 4.1 (2010): 1-31. ProQuest.
Travis Williams Research Paper
1157 Words | 5 Pagescontraception, higher education. ernployn1ent, and counseling are all components of adult and family life to which the rnore educated and aftluent population are accustomed. How can we expect an adult who has been denied the rudimentary building blocks to become a successful, productive mernber of society when that same person has had a drastically different foundation than his n1iddle or upper class counterpart? How can we be absolutely sure that each offender has actually cmnmitted a crime if it is just assumed that because he/she is ·"in the systen1·· it is due to habitual offenses?
Inequalities In The 1954 Brown V. Board Of Education Cases
171 Words | 1 PagesInequalities have always existed in society. These inequalities are often perpetuated through education. While the United States Supreme Court supported desegregation of schools and struck down the idea of “separate, but equal” in the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education cases, there still exists many inequalities within the United States educational system today for minority races and people of the lower economic classes. Ann Ferguson in her article “Bad Boys” discusses punishment practices in schools and the detriment these practices provide as they resemble incarceration. Conley in his article “Education” discusses education acting as a sorting machine and the tracking of students.
A Contemporary Slave Narrative In The Era Of Mass Incarceration By Flores Forbes
494 Words | 2 PagesInvisible Men: A Contemporary Slave Narrative in the Era of Mass Incarceration (2016) written by Flores Forbes illustrates the importance of prison education in the United States. Prison education is a program where inmates may be permitted to either continue or start their college education while serving their sentence. In this paper, I will address the meaning and purpose of prison education. I will discuss the importance of the policy, and how it may change someone’s life like it did to Flores Forbes. My goal in this paper is to alert other colleagues the important issue of education within our prisons.
Racial Disparities In The Criminal Justice System
1107 Words | 5 PagesThrough the years, the world has made substantial progress towards ensuring equal treatment under law for all citizens. However, the cycle continues, as disparities within the justice decision making process is growing at each level of the criminal justice system. Although the drug policies and sentencing guidelines that are put into place by our legislators are said to be “race neutral,” they have actually shown to be pervasively biased, affecting both innocent as well as guilty minority citizens. There is no question that the most important stage of the criminal justice system is the sentencing phase. It is at this stage where prosecutors, along with law enforcement personnel, attempt to determine who will or will not be granted leniency
Examine Three Types Of Disparities That Happen Under The United States Sentencing Today
246 Words | 1 PagesThis essay will examine three types of disparities that happen under the United States sentencing today. Judges tend to look at the characteristics of the victim involved in the crime to determine the outcome of the sentence. Why should someone’s race, gender, or even religion effect the time they receive for their jail sentence? The 1984 Sentencing Reform Act (SRA) was created to eliminate disparities, basically explaining how one’s ethnicity, gender, and religion should not affect their sentencing. Even with this act existing, race and gender has still plays a huge part on unnecessary sentencing lengths.
The Emmett Till Story
587 Words | 3 PagesFast forward to the present day, we have the Ferguson, Mike Brown of Emmitt Till’s still occurring in our justice system. A person must view the criminal justice threw a godly telescope to see the inequalities that exit, and need to come to the forefront of our government, and the population worldwide. Sentencingproject.org statistically show that African American men, women, and juvenile are arrested more often than any other races across the nations. This report will prove, and argues that racial disparity in the justice system is at large in our system. This research paper will further explain, and presents evidence that display the presence of racial bias in the criminal justice system in America.
Why Do Prisons Increase Incarceration Rates?
915 Words | 4 PagesFindings have identified the important changes and continuum in understanding imprisonment in the United States. Race was and still has remained a critical predictor of higher incarceration. Findings have also implied that the relationship between violent crime and incarceration became more important as violent crime had increased in 1980 and 1990 however it declined around1970, and no longer was powerful as crime declined by 2000. Attitudes on African Americans and crime regardless of crime decreasing still remained relatively the same. Even though the drop of offending amongst blacks the size of the black population continued to produce as a proxy for real offending.
Race Class Incarceration Research Paper
1046 Words | 5 PagesAs demonstrated in Trends in U.S. corrections, the U.S. has had the highest rates of incarceration as of 2011 adding up to more than seventy hundred thousand(The Sentencing Project 3). Race and class play an important role on who is punished for such crimes as well as who gets
Tough On Crime Policy Analysis
784 Words | 4 PagesA study conducted by the New York State Division of Criminal Justice Services undertaking claims of sentencing disparities studies the felony sentencing outcomes particularly in New York courts between the years 1990 and 1992. Astonishingly, the study concluded that approximately one-third of minorities sentenced to prison would have received a shorter sentence with the possibility of a non-incarcerative penalty if they had been treated similarly to their white counterparts. Consequently, other sentencing data is consistent with the results of this study’s findings. On a national scale, black males specifically, who were convicted of drug felonies in state courts 52 percent of the time, while white males typically receive prison sentencing approximately 34 percent of the time. In addition, these figures are not constrained to gender given the similar ratio among black and white women as well.
Annotated Bibliography: The New Jim Crow
1343 Words | 6 PagesCoker gives great evidence that supports racial injustice in the criminal justice system. She discusses on the Supreme Court’s rulings and accusations of racial preference in the system. This article is helpful because it supports my thesis on race playing a role on the system of criminal justice. Hurwitz, J., & Peffley, M. (1997). Public perceptions of race and crime: The role of racial stereotypes.
Gender Disparities In The Criminal Justice System
1377 Words | 6 PagesThere are many indicators of the huge impact in disparities in sentencing women as compared to men and more so when it revolves around minorities ( race and class). Though there are lower crime rates among women as compared to men, there are significant disparities which tend to show favouritism to women. Research has shown that men get 63 per cent longer custodial sentences than women. In addition, it is twice more likely to have women get non custodial sentences even after conviction. However, as mentioned the disparities are more profound when issues of race and class are intertwined in the sentencing.
Just Deserts Theory
1782 Words | 8 PagesThe court system should acknowledge the offenders past and realize that the reasons they are committing crimes are not their free will, it is elements in their past that have caused them to act in a deviant manner. Furthermore, Cullen and Johnson (2017) agree by stating, “science has demonstrated that un-chosen individual traits (e.g., temperament, self-control, IQ) and un-chosen social circumstances (e.g., family, school, community) can be
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