Reconceptualizing Deterrence Theory Analysis

The theory is very pro-active and requires law enforcement officers to recognize, not ignore, offense and deal with it. Offenses such as graffiti, loitering, soliciting, parking violation, traffic driving, truancy, and abandoned property are minor offenses that grow into larger problems that can transform a good neighborhood into a chaotic neighborhood within the span of 10 years. However, there are a lot of disadvantages to the broken window theory. The first disadvantages to the broken windows theory is the zero-tolerance policy. Zero tolerance policing relies on the premise that the more arrests made by officers for minor crimes contributing to community disorder, the less severe crime that community will have to

During this era crime prevention program were funded for the community and police put together. This sort of policing is a plan focused on building ties and working closely with the people in our community to identify and settle problems. Community policing also target low level crime and disorder. I feel this current era perspective was formed because Reform Era and Political Era were not in good grace with citizenship. Both eras’ had outstanding records of misconduct and excessive force toward citizens.

Gottfredson and Hirschi (1990) acknowledged within their self-control theory that the opportunities for crime are readily accessible and crime is typically not difficult to perform. Yet, Gottfredson and Hirshi focused on the lack of self-control as the cause of crime rather than the opportunities for crime. Cohen and Felson (1979) in describing the routine activity theory, later stated that motivated offenders must find suitable targets that lack guardians in order for crime to occur. Situational crime prevention strategies were the first to focus on specific crimes, the environment and the reduction of crime opportunities. The situational crime prevention theory originated in the Home Office Research Unit of the British Government in the 1970’s (Clarke, 2018).

He also continued to engage in criminal acts even while on parole. These are clear indications of poor self-control. Another aspect of this theory is the effect child rearing can have on self-control. Gottfredson and Hirschi believed that there was a strong correlation between parental control and self-control. They also identified a link between the self-control of the parent and the subsequent self-control of the child (Cullen, 2014).

This theory postulates that the root of all crime is found in the surroundings that the crimes take place in. Naturally, if the community itself is rundown it is more likely to have crime in it, where highly maintained and regulated communities do not allow for such disturbances. Neighborhoods containing disorder not only give the perceived opinion that such circumstances are allowed, but also lead to further destruction and propagation of disorder. In the article that originally described this theory, and sparked it’s very name, James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling said “Consider a building with a few broken windows. If the windows are not repaired, the tendency is for vandals to break a few more windows.

The use of punitive measures as a method of criminal justice practices has barely rehabilitated juvenile offenders in the state of Chicago. These punitive methods impact the juvenile offenders, leading to radicalization and crime delinquency in the state. On the other hand, restorative justice incorporates all the parties in a specific offense with the aim of collectively dealing with the aftermath of such an offense and the determination of the future implications of the situation (Johnstone 115). Targeting different facets of the society, restorative justice seeks to involve all the stakeholders and through such efforts, the system is essentially changing how the society and the state of Chicago view juvenile justice systems. Juvenile justice

“The subculture of poverty thesis is that the values of the poor either directly cause crime, because people socialized into particular sets of values, norms, and beliefs engage in crime rather than patiently wait for legitimate opportunities, or indirectly cause crime because their values do not attach sufficient importance to such things as education and hard work”(Crutchfield). This is saying because people are poor and go directly to committing crimes instead of trying to work towards opportunities. They should be trying to do better for themselves and they should be focusing on trying to get a job or trying to get good grades to get into

How well Wes Moore describes the culture of the streets, and particularly disenfranchised adolescents that resort to violence, is extraordinary considering the unbiased perspective Moore gives. Amid Moore’s book one primary theme is street culture. Particularly Moore describes the street culture in two cities, which are Baltimore and the Bronx. In Baltimore city the climate and atmosphere, of high dropout rates, high unemployment and poor public infrastructure creates a perfect trifecta for gang violence to occur. Due to what was stated above, lower income adolescent residents in Baltimore are forced to resort to crime and drugs as a scapegoat of their missed opportunities.

The environmental stress is when parents condone delinquent behavior and neighborhoods are also unstable giving rise to gang recruitment and conflict. (Alder, Laufer, & Mueller, 2013, p. 144). However, evidence shows that gang behavior is more widespread than confined to the lower-class neighborhoods and is often supervised and controlled by adult organized crime where gang leader operate both legal and illegal businesses (Alder, Laufer, & Mueller, 2013, p. 144). Therefore, researchers use the subculture theory of violence to explain criminal behavior. This theory recognizes that fact that subcultures are an influence, but suggest these subcultures do not view antisocial behavior negatively and pass these values down to other

The criminal activities theory talks about crime events (Criminal Justice, n.d.) It looks at why some people commit crimes and what are the motivations to commit the crimes. This theory suggests that the daily routine of society could cause or create the opportunity for a crime. All you need is a likely offender, a target, and the absence of a guardian to create an opportunity for a crime. Suggestions made to reduce crime from this theory try to alter the routines and limit opportunities to prevent crimes. Another theory related to criminal activity would be the social control theory.