Red Cabbage Literature Review

Review of Related Literature

Red cabbage belongs to the family Cruciferae or Brassicaceae. It is a head-bearing or true cabbage that grows best in Baguio. It appears short and thick, with the leaves packed into a gigantic bud. It can be grown whole year round but the optimum season is from October to January.4 Its dark red leaves are fair sources of calcium, phosphorus, iron, and vitamin A; a good source of vitamin B; and an excellent source of Vitamin C.5 Among the different Brassica varieties, red cabbage was found to have the highest total antioxidant content due to its abundant flavonoid and polyphenolic compound composition.6

Red cabbage is known to have anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic effects. The rich flavonoid content

Resistance against the first-line drugs have been on the rise for the last 20 years. Quinolones, macrolides, and third-generation cephalosporins are presently used. 22 Salmonella infections are currently best treated with ceftriaxone or fluoroquinolone. Ceftriaxone has activity in vitro and a dose of 125-250mg is effective in diseases caused by penicillinase-producing microorganisms. It is usually given through intravenous or intramuscular injection.21 However, there are current reports of nontyphoidal salmonella strains resistant to nalidixic acid and ceftriaxone, and sensitivity to quinolones has been steadily decreasing.

The Disk Diffusion Susceptibility Testing is a practical method to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance profiles of microorganisms to various antimicrobial agents. Bacteria are inoculated on the surface of a Mueller-Hinton agar plate with a swab that has been submerged in a bacterial suspension standardized to match the turbidity of the 0.5 McFarland turbidity standard, equivalent to 1.5 × 108 CFU/mL. Within 15 minutes after inoculation, the antibiotic-impregnated filter paper disks are applied and gently pressed down onto the agar. During incubation, bacterial growth persists on the surface of the agar except in regions where the antibiotic concentration of the gradient around each disk is sufficiently high to inhibit growth. After incubation, the diameter of the zone of inhibition around each disk is measured in millimeters using a ruler or caliper. The zone sizes are then categorized as susceptible, intermediate or resistant.20 The ‘susceptible’ category indicates that the bacteria are inhibited by the usually achievable concentration of the drug at the recommended dosage. The ‘intermediate’ category indicates that the bacteria are inhibited at near optimal concentrations, but have lower response rates than those which are susceptible to the drug. The ‘resistant’ category indicates that the isolates were not inhibited by the usually achievable concentration of the drug at recommended dosage or