Abstract—Speaker Diarization is the first step in many audio processing and aims to solve the problem who spoke when. It therefore relies on efficient use of temporal informa- tion from extracted audio features. Since search for solution space is huge and often there is no ground truth available, its a tough research problem. Most of the implementations done by different research groups fail in the case of varying number of speakers or high noise or high background music. In this project we explore the conventional techniques which involves hierarchichical agglomerative clustering and later shift to Integer Linear Programming clustering which gives state of the art results for unsupervised speaker diarization. Keywords: Speaker Diarization, hierarchichical …show more content…
Stephen Shum develpoed a approach based on the successes of factor analysis-based methods in speaker diarization which is been inspired by the total variability subspace to extract the speaker-specfic features on short term segment of speech. In this paper we are going to introduce the speaker diarization technique by using the VOD(Voice Active Detection) and feature extraction of the signal which is based on the MFCC(Mel Frequency Cesptral Coefficients) and later we apply the diarization technique that provides better results compared to that of the previous techniques. In the section 2 we will be explaining about the diarization method and section 3 we will explaining the proposed diarization …show more content…
Speech Active Detection It is been generally used for the detecting the silence part of sound in the audio.The required characteristics of the voice active detector are reliability,robustness,accuracy , adaptation, simplicity and real-time processing. Actually, all the voice detection algorithms work efficiently with high SNR values, but signal get degraded at low SNR Values. In this method we will be using the Shor-term energy(E) , Spectral Flatness Measure(SFM) and the dominant frequency component frame for determining the speech and the silence components this can be done by computing the frequncy coressonding to the maximum spectral magnitude . The energy is the common feature for determining speeech and silence detection but, this feature is not efficient at in noisy environment with low SNR value. SFM is a measure of noiseness of the spectrum. This can be calculated
Smolla writes about the First Amendment in his essay, "Speech Overview". He discusses what freedom of speech is, why Americans hold the First Amendment in such high regard, and how it can be conflicting to many American's "social instincts". The main idea that Smolla is arguing is that Americans embrace freedom of speech and individuality, even though it may cause conflict. He recognizes that some limitations must exist, but the freedom to express our thoughts is the American way. Smolla points out that many controversial items are approved due to the first amendment, even though they conflict with patriotism.
Jean Chrétien: Passionate Plea For Unity Chrétien’s speech is mainly targeted towards Quebecers wishing to separate from our country. This speech took place prior to the referendum regarding the issue of whether or not Quebec should proclaim its individual sovereignty. Chrétien also recognizes Quebec as a “distinct society” whilst specifying Quebec’s unique language and culture which makes it an admirable community. To bring this all together, Chrétien stresses the beauty in Canadian diversity, generosity, tolerance and respect which is idolized by other foreigners. I appreciated how Chrétien identified and acknowledged Quebecers cries for change and even says that he knows the separatist party will guarantee exactly that.
President Ronald W. Reagan was known as a great communicator. In his “Address from the Brandenburg Gate (Berlin Wall)” speech, President Reagan called upon the leader of the Soviet Union, Mikhail Gorbachev, to open the gates and tear down the wall that divided Berlin. Reagan appealed to the West Berliners by connecting with them through emotions because they rebuilt their city and had prospered and were free. He uses facts to persuade the West Berliners they would benefit from tearing down the wall. He uses examples how other countries who have achieved freedom have been successful.
Comparing Speeches Many civil rights leaders have spoken out about their controversial views of how to address injustices. For instance, during the Civil Right Movement, Kathie Amatniek and Harvey Milk both spoke to voice that their societies that are directing injustices towards gays and women. Using pathos and metaphors, Amatniek wants America to rid of traditional views of gender. Meanwhile, Harvey Milk uses using pathos, diction and humor to connect with his mainly homophobic audience to abolish the negative stereotypes of gays.
In 1974 the house judiciary committee recommended Articles of impeachment of President Nixon during the water gates scandal. The water gates scandal was a major political scandal that occurred in the United States in the 1970s, following a break in at the DNC headquarters at water gate office in Washington D.C. and President Nixon’s administration tried to cover it up. On July 25, 1974 Barbara Jordan gave a speech on the impeachment of President Nixon during the impeachment hearing. She gave a strong passionate and well-rounded speech.
Hearing loss can affect high frequency tones, mid frequency tones and /or low frequencies depending on the loss.(ASHA,
American journalist and politician, Clare Boothe Luce, in her opening speech at the 1960 Women’s National Press Club meeting, prepares her audience, qualifying and defending her forthcoming criticism. Luce’s purpose is to provoke thought in the journalist’s minds on what journalism is really about at its core. She adopts a frank and humorous tone to best capture the attention of her intended audience of female journalists. Through, appealing to the ethos, logos, and pathos with flattery, syllogism, and rhetorical questioning to prepare the audience for her message: “the tendency of the American press to sacrifice journalistic integrity in favor of the perceived public demand for sensationalist stories.” In the first paragraph of her speech, Luce assures the audience that “[she is] happy and flattered to be a guest of honor…”
“If the first woman God ever made was strong enough to turn the world upside down all alone, --women together ought to be able to turn it back – and get it right side up again” was a quote of Sojourner Truth referenced in Donna E. Shalala’s Women’s Movement speech in 1998. The message in this quote is one that I’ve pondered on my own. If using the Bible as record of true and accurate ideas and way to live then it’s easy to see how at some point how a person would find themselves questioning Eve’s position in the relationship if she was able to get Adam to submit to her will to eat the forbidden fruit. This was not conducive behavior to that of a lowly order following wife. In fact she showed characteristics such as audacious, disruptive, and uncontained which are some of the characteristics that the Women’s Movement is looking to inspire in women today.
His voice is very different than those of the other vocalists
The various ideologies of love mentioned by speakers in Plato’s Symposium portrayed the social and cultural aspect of ancient Greece. In the text, there were series of speeches given by Phaedrus, Pausanias, Eryximachus, Aristophanes, Socrates, and Agathon about the idea of love, specifically the effect and nature of Eros. Within the speakers, Agathon’s speech was exceptional in that his speech shifted the focus of the audience from effect of Eros on people, to the nature and gifts from the Eros. Despite Agathon’s exceptional remarks about Eros, Socrates challenged Agathon’s characterization of Eros through utilization of Socratic Method.
On November 13th, 1969, Spiro Agnew, who was the Vice President at the time, gave the speech, Television News Coverage, about how news producers are becoming too powerful (Bibliography.com.) To successfully inform his audience, he uses many rhetorical strategies to keep everyone engaged and attentive. Agnew delivered an exceptional speech by using multiple techniques such as analogies, anaphoras, parallelism, and rhetorical questions to justify this problem to his audience. To help his audience understand what is being addressed, Agnew uses analogies to connect his ideas to familiar objects.
Southern University’s Founders’ Day Dr. Mae C. Jemison Speech Dr. Mae Jemison is the first African American woman to go to space. Currently, she works with National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and is a member of the Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority. On March 9, 2016, she gave a brilliant speech to everybody present in the F.G Clark Activity center at Southern University on the occasion of the 136th Southern University Founders’ Day.
America’s Founders believed that liberty was important and must be supported. Finding a balance between individual rights and a strong union was important because it determined their productivity as one. The Founding Fathers consisted of John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and George Washington. . James Wilson felt as if law,liberty and nature belonged together and without one it would disrupt everything. The Founding Principle is that “all men are created equal” and the following rights cannot be taken away from them “Life,Liberty and the pursuit of happiness.
In Sleuthing The Alamo, James E. Crisp investigates Sam Houston’s speech made to the soldiers at Refugio. Upon reading the speech, Crisp was in disbelieve at the vulgar, anti-Mexican words used by Houston while addressing the men of Refugio. What Crisp read had contradicted everything he had known of Sam Houston, and led him to dig deeper into the sources to find the facts. Crisp is able to restore Sam Houston’s honor by recognizing the disconnection in his speech, heavily researching the sources, and disproving Houston’s speech. Along the way, Crisp makes two discoveries that help lead to solving his case.
With the constant threat of nuclear war overshadowing everyday life, the construction of the Berlin Wall in 1961 not only divided Germany, but manifested as a physical division between “the free world” and “the Communist world”, as termed by President John F. Kennedy. Two years later, he delivered his famous “Ich bin ein Berliner” speech at the Brandenburg Gate. Through heavy emotional appeal and an encouraging tone, Kennedy not only offers American solidarity to West Berlin, but instills confidence in the crusade for democracy across the globe. Speaking to an audience of Germans, the American president’s first priority is building sympathy with his foreign audience. This is best seen through his diction as he begins by directly addressing