Reflexes Uncovered A reflex arc consists of five essential components – a receptor, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, and an effector. A reflex arc is an automatic response that protects a person from injury by allowing for immediate withdrawal from harmful stimuli. This response is present in situations that call for immediate action, such as when a person steps on a sharp object; instead of sending sensory information to the brain to be processed, a reflex arc rapidly processes and produces the protective response without having to wait for directions from the brain. The process begins when a receptor, which can be specialized cells or the dendrites of a sensory neuron, is activated by the arrival of a stimulus, and ends with the response by an effector. When a person steps on a sharp object, such as a tack, a reflex arc …show more content…
The reflex process begins when the tack, or stimulus, makes contact with the integument on the bottom of the foot; this is the arrival of a stimulus. The stimulus’ pathway starts at the epidermis, where it will penetrate all five layers, from the outermost stratum corneum, it travels through the stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, and stratum spinosum, all the way to the innermost stratum basale. From there, it will continue into the dermis, where there is an extensive network of nerve endings and nerve fibers throughout the two layers of the dermis. The papillary layer contains Meissner’s corpuscles, touch receptors that are sensitive to light touch, which would be able to sense the feeling of the tack making contact with the epidermis. Within the reticular layer are Pacinian corpuscles, touch receptors that can detect deep pressure and vibration, such as the pressure of the tack against the foot. However, when the mechanical pressure of the tack against the tissue of the foot becomes so strong that it causes damage, pain receptors known as nociceptors take over. Once the tack
These hypersensitive points have been called noxious nodes in the past and are currently known as myofascial trigger points or simply trigger points. Active and passive
Soaring high above for all to see a perfect formation of “forty four thousand pounds of thrust” (navy.mil); made for speed, protection, and stealth. These jet fighters are known as the Blue Angels, a team of former navy pilots, created “in the year of 1964 by Chief of Naval Operations and Admiral Chester W. Nimitz” (BlueAngels). The team is organized for “a professional and excellence in the United States Navy and Marine Corp”(BlueAngels). Their “first show was in Craig Field, Jacksonville, Florida” (BlueAngels), and they have about eleven million people who show up for their shows. The one thing they are recognized for is the most famous “sneak pass”.
After reading the Journals of both Robert Robe and Mary Stuart Bailey I have a better understanding of daily life, common struggles, and attitudes during the 1850’s while traveling westward. Robert Robe’s journal begins in May of 1851 and continues into June. Mary’s Journal starts April 13, 1852 with the last entry on November 8th. These journals clearly highlight the stresses that were developed during there travels. The traveler’s attitudes changed circumstantially as the uncertainty of their future unfolded, depending on the day they could be admiring god’s beauty, determined on surviving, or mourning the loss of their previous life, family, and home (Text 386, 387).
The ganglia of neighboring segments are linked by connectives, while the hemi-ganglia are connected by commissures. Overall, the structure of this nervous system appears as a ladder-like chain consisting of a brain, two connectives, and a ventral nerve cord. Because lobsters lack a cerebral cortex, they rely on this complex nervous system to translate pain impulses into the sensation of pain
Removal of positive stimuli, losing a loved one from a gun fight that happened. Presentation of negative stimuli was the area that they live and grow up in. Ralph a little boy who had lost his grandmother to a gang shot out, barricades his doors and pulls down his blinds to prevent bullets from coming through. Ralph said, “I am afraid to go outside because you don’t know if you’re going to get shot or stabbed.” Ralph lives in a bad neighborhood and lost his grandmother to a gang fight.
Stephen Jay Gould once said, “Memory is a fascinating trickster. Words and images have enormous power and can easily displace actual experience over the years.” In the folktales that mentions Loki, his shapeshifting power creates a sense of power that dominates over everyone. As a trickster, having more power comes from lies and devious plans he creates and the outcome forms chaos that replaces manipulative.
Most cases of athlete 's foot cause only bothersome redness, itching, flaking, and scaling on the soles of the feet and between the toes. In severe cases, however, blisters form on the soles of the feet; fissures, or cracks, that weep fluid can also open between the toes. These fissures can cause a stinging pain and are vulnerable to secondary infection. When the infection involves the toenails, it can cause the nails to become discolored and thick. Also, if left untreated, athlete 's foot can infect other parts of the body.
This is what psychiatrist call the “fight-or-flight” response, a typical reaction meant to protect a person from harm. Nearly everyone will experience a spectrum of reactions after trauma. Most people recover from initial symptoms naturally over time; those who continue to experience problems may be diagnosed with PTSD.
In the article paragraph three Braithwaite explains how us humans have specialized nerve endings called nociceptors that alert us to damage or pain on the body. When fishes get hooked do they feel the pain of the sharp end point that grabs onto the inside of the mouth ? In
“In post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), this reaction is charged or damaged. People who have PTSD may feel stressed or frightened even when
The purpose of the first investigation was to see if someone could survive a fall from an aircraft with a parachute or a raft. The MythBusters created "Buster," who was a fake body used to simulate a real person. For the first trial, Buster was attached to the middle of a raft. By the end, he wasn 't attached anymore and the raft flipped over like a coin in the air. However, the raft was like a parachute so for the second trial, the MythBusters hung Buster from the raft like a parachute.
The Monster Inside of You The Oxford Dictionary contains two definitions of the word monster: 1) an imaginary creature that is typically large, ugly and frightening, 2) an inhumanely cruel or wicked person. The question that Mary Shelley arises within her readers is whether Victor or the creation meet the true criteria of such a thing. Can we categorize Victor as “an inhumanely cruel person”?
The different types of sensory receptors through the skin allow us to sense contact. These receptors provide important information to the brain through sensory neurons. With this, the brain is able to analyze the temperature, pain and pressure of the object which had contact to the skin.
Below is an annotated diagram of what a neuron looks like. A sensory neuron- http://www.memrise.com/user/bex1308/ Action potential occurs in the cell body region of the neuron. Biologically, action potentials occur when a stimulus causes the cell membrane of the cell body to decrease in potential difference (a difference
The epidermis is the layer of skin that we can see. It varies in thickness. The thickest layer is on the soles of the feet and the palms of the hands. The thinnest layer is on the eyelids and nipples. The cells on the surface are constantly coming off (shedding) this is known as desquamation.